Formation of known and unknown disinfection by-products from natural organic matter fractions during chlorination, chloramination, and ozonation

2017 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Donghong Wang ◽  
Xiong Xu ◽  
Zijian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
By Products

Characterization of natural organic matter fractions separated by ultrafiltration using flow field-flow fractionation

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1467-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoeleh Assemi ◽  
Gayle Newcombe ◽  
Chris Hepplewhite ◽  
Ronald Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Field Flow Fractionation ◽  
Flow Fractionation ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

scholarly journals Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors by Nanofiltration in Low-SUVA Drinking Water

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Dubowski ◽  
Roni Greenberg-Eitan ◽  
Menachem Rebhun
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Hydrophilic Organic Matter ◽  
By Products

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are prevalent disinfection by-products. High THM formation is usually associated with natural organic matter with high molecular weight and aromatic characteristics, which is efficiently removed by nanofiltration (NF). In the Sea of Galilee and the Israeli National Water Carrier (NWC), water shows high THM formation potential, although it mainly contains low molecular weight and hydrophilic organic matter with low aromaticity. In the present study, NF removal abilities were tested on treated NWC water using three different spiral wound membranes (NF90, NF270, and DL). Rejections and fluxes were tested as a function of pressure, water recovery, and membrane type. Feed and permeate dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UVA254, total THM formation (THMF), and total THM formation potential (THMFP), as well as alkalinity, conductivity, hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl− were measured to evaluate rejection and THM formation reduction. The results demonstrated that NF can efficiently remove natural organic matter (NOM) and reduce THM formation, even in this challenging type of water. At low water recovery, membranes showed average rejection of about 70–85% for THMFP and THM. Upon elevating recovery, average THM and THMFP rejection decreased to 55–70%, with THM content still well below regulation limits. Of the membranes tested, the higher permeability of NF270 appears to make it economically favorable for the applications tested in this work.

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