Developing a Phototactic Electrostatic Insect Trap Targeting Whiteflies, Leafminers, and Thrips in Greenhouses

Our aim was to develop an electrostatic apparatus to lure and capture silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), vegetable leafminers (Liriomyza sativae), and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) that invade tomato greenhouses. A double-charged dipolar electric field producer (DD-EFP) was constructed by filling water in two identical transparent soft polyvinyl chloride tubes arrayed in parallel with fixed separation, and then, inserting the probes of grounded negative and positive voltage generators into the water of the two tubes to generate negatively and positively charged waters, respectively. These charged waters electrified the outer surfaces of the opposite tubes via dielectric polarization. An electric field formed between the oppositely charged tubes. To lure these phototactic insects, the water was colored yellow using watercolor paste, then introduced into the transparent insulator tubes to construct the yellow-colored DD-EFP. This apparatus lured insects in a manner similar to commercially available yellow sticky traps. The yellow-colored DD-EFP was easily placed as a movable upright screen along the plants, such that invading pests were preferentially attracted to the trap before reaching the plants. Furthermore, pests settling on the plants were attracted to the apparatus, which used a plant-tapping method to drive them off the plants. Our study provided an experimental basis for developing an electrostatic device to attract and capture insects that enter greenhouses.

Effect of Different Mineralization Modes on Strengthening Calcareous Sand under Simulated Seawater Conditions

Calcareous sand, as a blow-fill or construction material, is widely used in island and reef construction projects in marine environments after treatment. When microorganism-induced mineralization is used to strengthen calcareous sand, salinity and other conditions in the marine environment will adversely affect microorganisms or their mineralization process. For this reason, the two environmental conditions created by deionized water and simulated seawater were introduced to explore their effects on the growth and urease activity of Sporosarcina pasteurii. Then, the changes in the permeability and mechanical strength of calcareous sand under different mineralization methods were compared by one-dimensional sand column tests. Finally, the reinforcement mechanism was compared and analyzed based on the results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction tests. The results show that Sporosarcina pasteurii can induce carbonate and phosphate precipitation and mineralization to strengthen calcareous sand in simulated seawater. The mineralized products greatly reduce the permeability of calcareous sand and significantly improve the mechanical strength by wrapping calcareous sand particles, filling water seepage channels and cementing adjacent particles. The reinforcement effect of carbonate mineralization is better than that of phosphate mineralization, but phosphate mineralization has less impact on the environment during the treatment process.

Design and implementation automation system for hydroponic vegetable cultivation

This research is about the design of an automation system by using microcontrollertechnology. The automation system defined in this research is the automation in the irrigationand fertilization process that has been designed by the needs for hydroponic vegetablecultivation, in an attempt to help hydroponic farmers and the community in controlling andcaring for vegetables automatically. The research stages are initiated from analyzing the needsof system development, continued by designing hardware and software, and implementingautomation systems for the last stage. The developed automation system consists of 1 module,1 sensor, Arduino Uno, and 2 relays and pumps. The RTC module is utilized to adjust thefertilizer scheduling time, while the utilization of a water level sensor is aimed to detect thewater level in hydroponic vegetable installations. Arduino Uno is utilized as a microcontrollerto process all data generated from the automation system. The data sent by the two sensors thenwill be processed to the objective of turning on the relay. In this system, 2 relays are used. Thefirst relay is a relay as a switch to turn on the water filling pump and the second relay is a relayfor the fertilization pump. Furthermore, the automation system is equipped with 2 pumpsaiming for filling water and fertilizing hydroponic vegetables. The working system is repeatingeach instruction regularly according to the program instructions that are made. This researchhas succeeded in making a prototype of an automation system for hydroponic vegetables, it ishoped that this prototype can be used by farmers and the general public in hydroponicvegetable cultivation to achieve more satisfying results.

Impacts of a Bathing Space on the Lives of the Rural Women in India

According to the 2011 Census of India, around 55% of rural households do not access a private bathing facility. The research study examines whether a bathing space’s presence improves the quality of life of the women using it. The study was conducted in two Indian states, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal, where two private agencies had facilitated bathing spaces. 54 women were interviewed for the purpose of the study. Individual interviews were conducted to understand the perception of the women who had recent access to the bathing spaces. The research shows that women who have access to bathing space have perceived positive changes in their health. Because of access to a private and secluded area, they can carry out Menstrual Hygiene Management practices. Along with the health benefits, the women participants also perceived changes in their daily lives. While there were numerous benefits of the bathing space, the burden of filling water and maintaining the bathing spaces on women increased. The paper also tries to understand what are the reasons for not constructing a bathing space. Cultural norms, lack of land, lack of water and water connectivity, lack of awareness, and economic reasons came across as reasons for not constructing a bathing space in the study.

Comparative design and CFD analysis of 3D printed abs nozzle aerator for discharge reduction

The flow nozzle aerator, which is the part of the water tap made up of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), can be modified entirely with a new design. The curved and cone-shaped slopes are used to improve the smooth flow at uniform velocity. Simultaneously, discharge is optimum by modified interior design. The smooth laminar delivery of water with optimum pressure, the liquid element at the aerator end becomes smooth. The assembled nozzle aerator solid model has been generated before experimentation. This can promote through the prediction by the modern tool ANSIFLUENT and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for finding the flow behavior and its outlet characters. The solid model can be fabricated to prototype for accurate dimensions by using 3D printing technology. Comparing fluid motion with the time consumption of filling water has been done over these different kinds of aerator and nozzle models, which are fabricated by 3-dimensional printing.

Prototipe Pemantauan Level Air Pada Bendungan Berbasis IOT

The purpose of making this prototype is to make a water level pemantauan tool in the dam using ultrasonic sensors and an IoT system. To support the manufacture of this tool, several other electronic components are used, including the NodeMCU microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, water pumps, relays, and buzzers. The process of the water level pemantauan system in the IoT-based dam works as a whole. The process begins with filling water from box 1 (analogous to river) to box 2 (analogous to a dam) assisted by a water pump to fill the water box. Then the ultrasonic sensor reads the water distance data from the dam and is sent to the microcontroller and then displayed on ThingSpeak via PC / HP. When box 2 is filled with water and reaches the maximum limit, the buzzer will sound and the relay will turn off the water pump automatically. The test results show that the data obtained is accurate. When the sensor reads the water level capacity data at a distance of 6 cm, the dam capacity will be fully read, the buzzer will sound and turn off the relay automatically then send the information to ThingSpeak. Reading or pemantauan the water level in the dam can be an alternative to control the water level in the dam and facilitate the dam guard.

Determining Groundwater Potential Using Vertical Electrical Sounding Method In Manggar, Balikpapan City, Indonesia.

Clean water requirement in Manggar Urban Village of Balikpapan City is rising along with population growth. The main source of clean water that can be used is ground water in the aquifer layer. The Study of groundwater potential was conducted using vertical electrical sounding (VES) method to determine the presence and types of aquifer layers. The measurements along four measurement points revealed four aquifers buried in depth ranging from 48 to 53 m below the surface. The layer which is potential to be an aquifer is a sand layer with moderate-sized grain. The resistivity values for sand layer at each measurement point vary from 221 to 281Ωm. The estimation of sand to be an aquifer layer was supported by the calculation of formation factors. The calculation was based on the ratio of resistivity values from pore-filling water and resistivity values from water-saturated rocks layer. The aquifer revealed in this study is categorized as unconfined aquifer because the upper layer is restricted by sandy clay. The resistivity values vary from 12.8 to 35.4 Ωm which behaved as an aquitard layer. However, low resistivity values between 9.6 to 20 Ωm are detected under the aquifer layer. The layer is identified as clay which behaved as an impermeable layer or aquiclude.

Penerapan Water Level Control Tipe Radar dan Omron 61F-G-AP Untuk Proses Pengisian Air Bersih di Komplek Perintis Kota Banjarbaru

Social service activities have been conducted in the Complex of Perintis of Sungai Ulin sub-district, North Banjarbaru District, Banjarbaru. The purpose of this activity is to install automation tools in the form of water level control (WLC) Radar ST 70 AB type for several reservoirs owned by residents and WLC (Omron 61F-G-AP type) in the Musalla of Perintis complex. It was done based on the team's observations in the field that there were still many reservoirs owned by residents that were not equipped with the automation equipment. In addition, many residents complained about the ineffective and inefficient process of pumping or filling water into the reservoir due to controlling and monitoring manually. As a result, many water pumps owned by the residents remain running or left running even though the water in the reservoir is fully filled. This is very detrimental to the residents, it is not only dissipation of water, but also dissipation of electric power which results in electricity bills that have to be paid every month by residents. The target of this service activity is to install the WLC equipment in several reservoirs owned by residents and reservoirs owned by Musalla in the Complex of Perintis. In addition, residents have additional skills to install WLC so that the residents can do it independently in the future Keywords: Water level control, WLC, Automation, Water reservoir