High resolution spatial and temporal evolution of dissolved gases in groundwater during a controlled natural gas release experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1178-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron G. Cahill ◽  
Beth L. Parker ◽  
Bernhard Mayer ◽  
K. Ulrich Mayer ◽  
John A. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
Release Experiment

The mitigation performance of ventilation on the accident consequences of H2S-containing natural gas release

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Yang ◽  
Guoming Chen ◽  
Jianmin Fu ◽  
Yuan Zhu ◽  
Ziliang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Release

Validation of EMAT ILI for Management of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Natural Gas Pipelines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Fore ◽  
Stefan Klein ◽  
Chris Yoxall ◽  
Stan Cone
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Managing the threat of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in natural gas pipelines continues to be an area of focus for many operating companies with potentially susceptible pipelines. This paper describes the validation process of the high-resolution Electro-Magnetic Acoustical Transducer (EMAT) In-Line Inspection (ILI) technology for detection of SCC prior to scheduled pressure tests of inspected line pipe valve sections. The validation of the EMAT technology covered the application of high-resolution EMAT ILI and determining the Probability Of Detection (POD) and Identification (POI). The ILI verification process is in accordance to a API 1163 Level 3 validation. It is described in detail for 30″ and 36″ pipeline segments. Both segments are known to have an SCC history. Correlation of EMAT ILI calls to manual non-destructive measurements and destructively tested SCC samples lead to a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of the EMAT technology and the associated process for managing the SCC threat. Based on the data gathered, the dimensional tool tolerances in terms of length and depth are derived.

scholarly journals HRTS Evidence for Rotation of Transition Region Temperature Spicules

1984 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
J.W. Cook ◽  
G.E. Brueckner ◽  
J.-D.F. Bartoe ◽  
D.G. Socker
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Coronal Hole ◽  
Solar Disk ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Solar Limb ◽  
Scientific Objective ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Central Wavelength ◽  
Region Temperature ◽  
Slit Length

The HRTS (High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph) instrument is a high spectral (0.05 Å) and spatial (<1 arc sec) resolution spectrograph with a slit length of 900 arc sec on the solar disk (see Bartoe and Brueckner 1975, 1978). HRTS contains in addition a double grating, zero dispersion broadband spectroheliograph which images the spectrograph slit jaw plate (see Cook et al. 1983). The central wavelength is tunable by changing the grating geometry. Hα images are also photographed from the slit jaw plate image. HRTS has been flown four times as a rocket payload, and will fly in April 1985 as one of the solar experiments aboard Spacelab 2. The four rocket flights of the HRTS program have each been customized for a particular scientific objective. For the fourth flight, because the original hardware was utilized as the basis of the Spacelab HRTS, the opportunity was used to design and build a new rocket HRTS instrument specialized for observations at the solar limb. In this configuration the photographic speed was increased, a new curved slit was fabricated, and the spectroheliograph was modified for limb observations. The scientific observing program was a study of structure and short term temporal evolution at the limb, with a comparison of quiet and coronal hole areas.

scholarly journals High-resolution quantification of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 3387-3401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Pugliese ◽  
Jennifer G. Murphy ◽  
Felix R. Vogel ◽  
Michael D. Moran ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

Abstract. Many stakeholders are seeking methods to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in urban areas, but reliable, high-resolution inventories are required to guide these efforts. We present the development of a high-resolution CO2 inventory available for the Greater Toronto Area and surrounding region in Southern Ontario, Canada (area of  ∼ 2.8 × 105 km2, 26 % of the province of Ontario). The new SOCE (Southern Ontario CO2 Emissions) inventory is available at the 2.5 × 2.5 km spatial and hourly temporal resolution and characterizes emissions from seven sectors: area, residential natural-gas combustion, commercial natural-gas combustion, point, marine, on-road, and off-road. To assess the accuracy of the SOCE inventory, we developed an observation–model framework using the GEM-MACH chemistry–transport model run on a high-resolution grid with 2.5 km grid spacing coupled to the Fossil Fuel Data Assimilation System (FFDAS) v2 inventories for anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) land carbon model C-TESSEL for biogenic fluxes. A run using FFDAS for the Southern Ontario region was compared to a run in which its emissions were replaced by the SOCE inventory. Simulated CO2 mixing ratios were compared against in situ measurements made at four sites in Southern Ontario – Downsview, Hanlan's Point, Egbert and Turkey Point – in 3 winter months, January–March 2016. Model simulations had better agreement with measurements when using the SOCE inventory emissions versus other inventories, quantified using a variety of statistics such as correlation coefficient, root-mean-square error, and mean bias. Furthermore, when run with the SOCE inventory, the model had improved ability to capture the typical diurnal pattern of CO2 mixing ratios, particularly at the Downsview, Hanlan's Point, and Egbert sites. In addition to improved model–measurement agreement, the SOCE inventory offers a sectoral breakdown of emissions, allowing estimation of average time-of-day and day-of-week contributions of different sectors. Our results show that at night, emissions from residential and commercial natural-gas combustion and other area sources can contribute > 80 % of the CO2 enhancement, while during the day emissions from the on-road sector dominate, accounting for > 70 % of the enhancement.

EnKF-based estimation of natural gas release and dispersion in an underground tunnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 103931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaiqi Yuan ◽  
Jiansong Wu ◽  
Xiaole Zhang ◽  
Wenyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Underground Tunnel

Mitigation performance of the process protection system on the accident consequences of H2S-containing natural gas release and explosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 104276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Yang ◽  
Guoming Chen ◽  
Jihao Shi ◽  
Xinhong Li ◽  
Ziliang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Gas Release

Characterizing precipitation in convective cloud regimes in the trades with the polarimetric C-band radar POLDIRAD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hagen ◽  
Florian Ewald ◽  
Silke Groß ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Lothar Oswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Cloud Microphysics ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
The Earth

&lt;p&gt;Low-level clouds in the trade regions play an important role in the Earth&amp;#8217;s climate system since they have a considerable influence on the Earth&amp;#8217;s radiation budget. However, the understanding of the coupling between cloud dynamics, cloud microphysics, and mesoscale organization is limited. This results in a large uncertainty in current climate predictions. Despite the importance, observations in these regions are limited. Geostationary satellites cannot provide high resolution three-dimensional details of clouds and precipitation. Polar orbiting satellites like the A-Train satellites Cloudsat and Calipso or the upcoming EarthCARE satellite do provide detailed profiles of cloud properties, but the temporal evolution cannot be observed. On the other hand, long range weather radar observations can provide both, high spatial and temporal observations, however not many weather radar do cover the trades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the Eurec4a campaign DLRs C-band polarimetric weather radar POLDIRAD was installed on the island of Barbados. The scope of the radar measurements is manifold:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- POLDIRAD will provide high resolution observations of the different mesoscale cloud patterns as observed from satellites: Flowers, Gravel, Fish, and Sugar. Will the mesoscale organization have an influence on observable microphysical properties?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- POLDIRAD will put the detailed measurements by aircraft (in situ and remote sensing) into a greater context. How are the aircraft measurements related to the spatial distribution of the precipitation pattern? How are the aircraft measurements related to the temporal evolution of the precipitation pattern?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- POLDIRAD will put the observed profiles of clouds and precipitation at the Barbados Cloud Observatory BCO at Deebles Point into a greater context. How are the profile measurements related to the spatial distribution of the precipitation pattern? How are the profile measurements related to the temporal evolution of the precipitation pattern?&lt;/p&gt;

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