Corrigendum: Survey of autonomous gas leak detection and quantification with snapshot infrared spectral imaging (2020 J. Opt. 22 103001)

We correct two typographical errors in equations within the original manuscript.

Detecting Gas Leaks: A Case Study in IoT Technologies

This paper presents a case study in the creation and utilization of an Internet of Things (IoT) device. An Arduino-based gas leak detector is utilized for the demonstration of IoT technologies and their advantages. The gas leak detection device focuses on detection of Liquified Petroleum gas. Upon detection of a leak, the device can communicate over the internet using cellular networks, thus helping to alleviate Wi-Fi and ethernet failure issues such as loss of power in a natural disaster. Because of the device’s resilience, it can help ensure the user is notified of the emergency as soon as possible. This automated gas leak monitoring system is reliable and will not be put out of action in a disaster or emergency situation.

System Design for Early Detection of Explosive and Flammable Gas Leaks Using Mobile Robot in Confined Space

The presence of explosive or flammable gases in confined space may contribute towards accidents that threaten the workers safety and industrial progress. Conventionally, the existing instrument for gas detection in confined space is manually carried by humans whereby the workers or competence person itself were exposed directly to the gases. This project is aim to develop a prototype system to detect the presence of gases leak where the robotic system replaces humans to carry gas sensors. Users only need to maneuver the robot using a mobile phone to monitor the specific area that may have an explosive or flammable gas leak which includes Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and methane gases. The sensors will detect if a change in the gas concentration has exceeded a safety limit and will activate the alarm as an alert signal. The readings of gases as input signals were sent wirelessly to the Personal Computer (PC) as a user device for monitoring purposes. This prototype is successfully developed, tested and calibrated using the samples of LPG gas, methane, smoke and environment temperature. The result proved that the developed system is able to detect an air sample using selected gas sensors and display the data in graph form with live monitoring. This will contribute significantly to acquiring a new and alternative method using the system for detecting the presence of gases in confined space application.

Construction of Natures and Protests on Instagram: A Study of Virtual Environmental Activism in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in India restricted ‘real world’ protests, shifting dissent to digital spaces. In this article we explore virtual environmental activism on Instagram by looking at two case-studies that gained prominence during this period. The first was the death of a pregnant elephant in Kerala by consuming cracker-laden food meant to deter boars from crop-raiding. The second was an oil and gas leak in Baghjan, an ecologically sensitive region in Assam. Through content analysis of ‘Top’ posts, we thematically classified the representations of nature and non-humans constructed through Instagram visuals, identifying overlaps and contradictions in the two cases. Observing that the images of animals in pain generated massive response, we argue that Susan Sontag’s (2003) framework on the haunting power of images of human suffering can be expanded to include non-humans. These visuals highlight certain creatures, excluding other species and vilifying human communities belonging to the same landscapes. We show how unilinear models of economic development and progress, as well as hierarchical and casteist notions in Hinduism continue to shape environmental debates in India. The religious overtones discount the environmental discourse based on scientific knowledge, and disrupt nuances of community driven action. By tracing the online trajectories of the two protests, we also illustrate how virality limits Instagram activism by sidelining local voices and privileging short-lived consumer action over systemic change.

A comparative study of the open versus closed method of pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery

Background: The main challenge facing the laparoscopic surgery is the primary abdominal access, as it is usually a blind procedure and associated with many complications including life threading vascular and visceral injuries. Techniques for the creation of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopy include the standard technique of insufflation after insertion of the Veress needle (closed method), open laparoscopy (Hasson technique) and many others.Methods: This is observational study conducted in the department of General surgery, PDUMC, Rajkot from September 2018 to September 2020 comprising of 100 cases, 50 cases from each methods. The patients admitted in our department for Laparoscopic surgery was taken up for the study. The Purpose of our study is to assess the practicality of both methods in creation of pneumoperitoneum and to compare both methods with regards to ease of performance and incidence of complications.Results: Average size of incision (p=-5.426) is more in open method, hence more incidence of minor complications like multiple attempts, gas leak at port site and port site bleeding in open method while less duration for creating pneumoperitoneum (p=0) as compared to closed method. While there is no major complications in either groups.Conclusions: Open technique is as good as closed technique, and is good alternative to closed technique.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE "SMART HOUSE" CONTROL SYSTEM

The proposed system allows you to control the parameters of the house using a remote control system. Changes in temperature and humidity in the house are monitored by telephone. The entire lighting system of the house is controlled. If a gas leak or fire occurs in the house, an alarm is triggered and a notification is sent to the phone. If there is unauthorized access to the house, this is detected by a motion sensor and a notification is sent to the phone. Changes in the apartment, which is "under the control" of the system, can be monitored and managed in the "Serial Monitor" section. Selected optical sensors are sensors that capture an optical image and work by analyzing the darkest and brightest parts of the image using algorithms. The level of security increases depending on the sensor's sensing element, so the higher the sensor's resolution, the better the image details. The ultrasonic signal is transmitted to the finger located on the scanner. Due to the presence of pores and other details that are characteristic of each fingerprint, part of this signal is absorbed, and part is returned to the sensor. As a result, the sensor can recognize fingerprints. Password authorization. A password based door lock system is an access control system that allows only authorized persons to enter a restricted area. When an authorized person enters the user ID and password from the keyboard, the door opens and after a few minutes the door closes again. If the code is entered incorrectly three times in a row, the code lock will go into blocking mode. Keywords: "smart house", control system, temperature sensor, motion sensor, telediagnostics, telecontrol.

Portable gas leak detection system using IoT and off-the shelf sensor node

<p>In companies that use toxic gases in vast amounts for a range of procedures, there are a host of high-risk concerns to address. People will not be able to track or control the emission of these gases on a routine basis until it becomes harmful. Sensors are expected to actively detect leaks and alert users to any potential hazards. Gas leakage may occur at multiple locations within a single installation. As a result, sensors are implanted as close to the suspected leak site as possible, enabling them to track leakage and relay signals to a base station that is situated far away. Many sensor values are received and analyzed using a microcontroller. The generated data is encoded in the wireless module and sent to the base through the internet of things link, where it is decoded and viewed by another microcontroller. When leaks are detected, the device sends an audio and visual alert, and since the detection period is very limited due to high-speed processing, leakage situations are brought under control with minimal or no effect. Using the new IoT technology and tracking from anywhere on the network, this project offers a cost-effective and reliable solution for mitigating leakage risk.</p>

Intensive leak standards for helium leak detection

The article discusses the main reasons for the demand for gas leak standards with a flow range of 5⋅10-7 to 5⋅10-4 Pa⋅m3/s, for helium leak detection. The high flow Leak Standards Vactron VKT are presented.