Global negative effects of livestock grazing on arbuscular mycorrhizas: A meta-analysis

Abstract Background The operating room (OR) is a complex environment in which distractions, interruptions, and disruptions (DIDs) are frequent. Our aim was to synthesise research on the relationships between DIDs and (a) operative duration, (b) team performance, (c) individual performance, and (d) patient safety outcomes; in order to better understand how interventions can be designed to mitigate the negative effects of DIDs. Methods Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO) and reference lists were systematically searched. Included studies were required to report quantitative outcomes of the association between DIDs and team performance, individual performance, and patient safety. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion, assessed study quality, and extracted data. A random effects meta-analysis was performed on a subset of studies reporting total operative time and DIDs. Results Twenty-seven studies were identified. The majority were prospective observational studies (n=15), of moderate quality (n=15). DIDs were often defined, measured, and interpreted differently in studies. DIDs were significantly associated with: extended operative duration (n=8), impaired team performance (n=6), self-reported errors by colleagues (n=1), surgical errors (n=1), increased risk and incidence of surgical site infection (n=4), and fewer patient safety checks (n=1). A random effects meta-analysis showed that the proportion of total operative time due to DIDs was 22.0% (95% CI 15.7-29.9). Conclusion DIDs in surgery are associated with a range of negative outcomes. However, significant knowledge gaps exist about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships, as well as the potential clinical and non-clinical benefits that DIDs may deliver. Available evidence indicates that interventions to reduce the negative effects of DIDs are warranted, but current evidence is not sufficient to make recommendations about potentially useful interventions.

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CO2-Induced Changes in Wheat Grain Composition: Meta-Analysis and Response Functions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy7020032 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Malin Broberg ◽

Petra Högy ◽

Håkan Pleijel

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

N Uptake ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Gradual Change ◽

Response Functions ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Protein Nitrogen

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) stimulates wheat grain yield, but simultaneously reduces protein/nitrogen (N) concentration. Also, other essential nutrients are subject to change. This study is a synthesis of wheat experiments with eCO2, estimating the effects on N, minerals (B, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn), and starch. The analysis was performed by (i) deriving response functions to assess the gradual change in element concentration with increasing CO2 concentration, (ii) meta-analysis to test the average magnitude and significance of observed effects, and (iii) relating CO2 effects on minerals to effects on N and grain yield. Responses ranged from zero to strong negative effects of eCO2 on mineral concentration, with the largest reductions for the nutritionally important elements of N, Fe, S, Zn, and Mg. Together with the positive but small and non-significant effect on starch concentration, the large variation in effects suggests that CO2-induced responses cannot be explained only by a simple dilution model. To explain the observed pattern, uptake and transport mechanisms may have to be considered, along with the link of different elements to N uptake. Our study shows that eCO2 has a significant effect on wheat grain stoichiometry, with implications for human nutrition in a world of rising CO2.

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Acupuncture to Treat Sleep Disorders in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/563236 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. G. Bezerra ◽

G. N. Pires ◽

M. L. Andersen ◽

S. Tufik ◽

H. Hachul

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorders ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Compliance Rate ◽

Target Population ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Final Sample ◽

Bibliographic Search

Sleep disorders are commonly observed among postmenopausal women, with negative effects on their quality of life. The search for complementary therapies for sleep disorders during postmenopausal period is of high importance, and acupuncture stands out as an appropriate possibility. The present review intended to systematically evaluate the available literature, compiling studies that have employed acupuncture as treatment to sleep disorders in postmenopausal women. A bibliographic search was performed in PubMed/Medline and Scopus. Articles which had acupuncture as intervention, sleep related measurements as outcomes, and postmenopausal women as target population were included and evaluated according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool and to the STRICTA guidelines. Out of 89 search results, 12 articles composed our final sample. A high heterogeneity was observed among these articles, which prevented us from performing a meta-analysis. Selected articles did not present high risk of bias and had a satisfactory compliance rate with STRICTA guidelines. In general, these studies presented improvements in sleep-related variables. Despite the overall positive effects, acupuncture still cannot be stated as a reliable treatment for sleep-related complaints, not due to inefficacy, but rather limited evidence. Nevertheless, results are promising and new comprehensive and controlled studies in the field are encouraged.

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Gestión activa frente a matorralización: buscando el equilibrio entre conservación y explotación en montaña

Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica ◽

10.18172/cig.3726 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 423

Author(s):

T. Lasanta

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Cultural Landscapes ◽

Fire Risk ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Prescribed Fires ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Subsequent Increase ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Shrub Clearing ◽

In Fire

The mountains of Europe, especially in the Mediterranean, have undergone a significant process of revegetation since the mid-20th century with the spread of shrublands and forests in succession stages. This leads to negative effects (degradation of pasture, accumulation of biomass with the subsequent increase in fire risk, loss or trivialized of cultural landscapes, etc.) and other positive ones (greater rewilding of landscapes, recovery of forest life, more CO2 fixation, less soil erosion, etc.). Thus, two alternatives must be put forward: either allow the rewilding process to continue, or intervene in the region to reduce the negative effects of revegetation.In this paper, the literature forms the base for a discussion on the main interventions in the territory: extensive livestock grazing, combined with prescribed fires and shrub clearing. Prescribed fires are found to be insufficient to control the spread of shrublands, and in some cases promotes its regrowth (Echinospartum horridum), as well as degrading the pasture land and increasing soil erosion. On the other hand, clearing shrubland has positive effects: a reduction in wildfires, increased livestock numbers, and improved indicators of heterogeneity and fragmentation of the landscape.

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Peer Review #3 of "Meta-analysis reveals that seed-applied neonicotinoids and pyrethroids have similar negative effects on abundance of arthropod natural enemies (v0.1)"

10.7287/peerj.2776v0.1/reviews/3 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Peer Review ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Negative Effects

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Negative effects of psychotherapies for adult depression: A meta-analysis of deterioration rates

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 239 ◽

pp. 138-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Pim Cuijpers ◽

Mirjam Reijnders ◽

Eirini Karyotaki ◽

Leonore de Wit ◽

David D. Ebert

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Adult Depression

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Effects of livestock grazing on biodiversity: a meta-analysis on three trophic levels

Journal for Nature Conservation ◽

10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126126 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 126126

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Huaranca ◽

Andrés J. Novaro ◽

Carlos E. Valdivia

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Trophic Levels

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P4392A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0797 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A S Antonopoulos ◽

G Skotsimara ◽

E Oikonomou ◽

N Ioakeimidis ◽

C V Mistakidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Fixed Effects Model ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Safe Alternative

Abstract Background Electronic cigarette (EC) is marketed as a safe alternative to tobacco smoking, but EC cardiovascular effects remains largely unknown. Purpose To systematically review and meta-analyse published literature to investigate the cardiovascular effects and associated risk from EC use. Methods We searched PubMed from January 2000 until November 2017 for published studies assessing the cardiovascular effects of EC. For each eligible study we used the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SBP, DBP and HR. The pooled MDs for each outcome of interest were calculated by using a fixed effects model. The presence of heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by the I2 statistic. Results We report conflicting evidence on the effects of EC on heart rate and blood pressure, which is mainly based on non-randomized clinical studies of moderate quality. In a meta-analysis of 14 studies (n=441 participants), that despite the negative effects of EC on heart rate (pooled MD=2.27, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.89, p<0.001), diastolic (DBP, pooled MD=2.01mmHg, 95% CI: 0.62 to 3.39, p=0.004) and systolic blood pressure (SBP, pooled MD=2.02mmHg, 95% CI: 0.07 to 3.97, p=0.042), benefits may be observed in terms of blood pressure regulation when switching from tobacco smoking to EC (SBP pooled MD=−7.00, 95% CI: −9.63 to −4.37, p<0.001; DBP pooled MD=−3.65, 95% CI: −5.71 to −1.59, p=0.001). Evidence suggests that EC negatively affects endothelial function, arterial stiffness and the long-term risk for coronary events, but these findings are derived from single study reports and have not been confirmed in additional studies. Conclusions We report adverse effects of EC use on heart rate and blood pressure. Unless supported by stronger evidence, EC should not be labelled as cardiovascular safe products. Future studies should delineate whether EC use is less hazardous to cardiovascular health than conventional cigarette smoking.

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Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-12-1671-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1671-1682 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

J. Meyer ◽

U. Riebesell

Keyword(s):

Ocean Acidification ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Ecological Fitness ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Gephyrocapsa Oceanica

Abstract. Concerning their sensitivity to ocean acidification, coccolithophores, a group of calcifying single-celled phytoplankton, are one of the best-studied groups of marine organisms. However, in spite of the large number of studies investigating coccolithophore physiological responses to ocean acidification, uncertainties still remain due to variable and partly contradictory results. In the present study we have used all existing data in a meta-analysis to estimate the effect size of future pCO2 changes on the rates of calcification and photosynthesis and the ratio of particulate inorganic to organic carbon (PIC / POC) in different coccolithophore species. Our results indicate that ocean acidification has a negative effect on calcification and the cellular PIC / POC ratio in the two most abundant coccolithophore species: Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica. In contrast, the more heavily calcified species Coccolithus braarudii did not show a distinct response when exposed to elevated pCO2/reduced pH. Photosynthesis in Gephyrocapsa oceanica was positively affected by high CO2, while no effect was observed for the other coccolithophore species. There was no indication that the method of carbonate chemistry manipulation was responsible for the inconsistent results regarding observed responses in calcification and the PIC / POC ratio. The perturbation method, however, appears to affect photosynthesis, as responses varied significantly between total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) manipulations. These results emphasize that coccolithophore species respond differently to ocean acidification, both in terms of calcification and photosynthesis. Where negative effects occur, they become evident at CO2 levels in the range projected for this century in the case of unabated CO2 emissions. As the data sets used in this meta-analysis do not account for adaptive responses, ecological fitness and ecosystem interactions, the question remains as to how these physiological responses play out in the natural environment.

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