scholarly journals Negative effects of psychotherapies for adult depression: A meta-analysis of deterioration rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Mirjam Reijnders ◽  
Eirini Karyotaki ◽  
Leonore de Wit ◽  
David D. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adult Depression

Are operating room distractions, interruptions, and disruptions associated with performance and patient safety? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D McMullan ◽  
Rachel Urwin ◽  
Peter Gates ◽  
Neroli Sunderland ◽  
Johanna I Westbrook
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Operative Time ◽  
Operative Duration

Abstract Background The operating room (OR) is a complex environment in which distractions, interruptions, and disruptions (DIDs) are frequent. Our aim was to synthesise research on the relationships between DIDs and (a) operative duration, (b) team performance, (c) individual performance, and (d) patient safety outcomes; in order to better understand how interventions can be designed to mitigate the negative effects of DIDs. Methods Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO) and reference lists were systematically searched. Included studies were required to report quantitative outcomes of the association between DIDs and team performance, individual performance, and patient safety. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion, assessed study quality, and extracted data. A random effects meta-analysis was performed on a subset of studies reporting total operative time and DIDs. Results Twenty-seven studies were identified. The majority were prospective observational studies (n=15), of moderate quality (n=15). DIDs were often defined, measured, and interpreted differently in studies. DIDs were significantly associated with: extended operative duration (n=8), impaired team performance (n=6), self-reported errors by colleagues (n=1), surgical errors (n=1), increased risk and incidence of surgical site infection (n=4), and fewer patient safety checks (n=1). A random effects meta-analysis showed that the proportion of total operative time due to DIDs was 22.0% (95% CI 15.7-29.9). Conclusion DIDs in surgery are associated with a range of negative outcomes. However, significant knowledge gaps exist about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships, as well as the potential clinical and non-clinical benefits that DIDs may deliver. Available evidence indicates that interventions to reduce the negative effects of DIDs are warranted, but current evidence is not sufficient to make recommendations about potentially useful interventions.

scholarly journals Urban–Rural Differences in Older Adult Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Purtle ◽  
Katherine L. Nelson ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Brent Langellier ◽  
Ivana Stankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
Urban Rural

scholarly journals CO2-Induced Changes in Wheat Grain Composition: Meta-Analysis and Response Functions

Agronomy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Broberg ◽  
Petra Högy ◽  
Håkan Pleijel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) stimulates wheat grain yield, but simultaneously reduces protein/nitrogen (N) concentration. Also, other essential nutrients are subject to change. This study is a synthesis of wheat experiments with eCO2, estimating the effects on N, minerals (B, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn), and starch. The analysis was performed by (i) deriving response functions to assess the gradual change in element concentration with increasing CO2 concentration, (ii) meta-analysis to test the average magnitude and significance of observed effects, and (iii) relating CO2 effects on minerals to effects on N and grain yield. Responses ranged from zero to strong negative effects of eCO2 on mineral concentration, with the largest reductions for the nutritionally important elements of N, Fe, S, Zn, and Mg. Together with the positive but small and non-significant effect on starch concentration, the large variation in effects suggests that CO2-induced responses cannot be explained only by a simple dilution model. To explain the observed pattern, uptake and transport mechanisms may have to be considered, along with the link of different elements to N uptake. Our study shows that eCO2 has a significant effect on wheat grain stoichiometry, with implications for human nutrition in a world of rising CO2.

scholarly journals Acupuncture to Treat Sleep Disorders in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Bezerra ◽  
G. N. Pires ◽  
M. L. Andersen ◽  
S. Tufik ◽  
H. Hachul
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Bibliographic Search

Sleep disorders are commonly observed among postmenopausal women, with negative effects on their quality of life. The search for complementary therapies for sleep disorders during postmenopausal period is of high importance, and acupuncture stands out as an appropriate possibility. The present review intended to systematically evaluate the available literature, compiling studies that have employed acupuncture as treatment to sleep disorders in postmenopausal women. A bibliographic search was performed in PubMed/Medline and Scopus. Articles which had acupuncture as intervention, sleep related measurements as outcomes, and postmenopausal women as target population were included and evaluated according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool and to the STRICTA guidelines. Out of 89 search results, 12 articles composed our final sample. A high heterogeneity was observed among these articles, which prevented us from performing a meta-analysis. Selected articles did not present high risk of bias and had a satisfactory compliance rate with STRICTA guidelines. In general, these studies presented improvements in sleep-related variables. Despite the overall positive effects, acupuncture still cannot be stated as a reliable treatment for sleep-related complaints, not due to inefficacy, but rather limited evidence. Nevertheless, results are promising and new comprehensive and controlled studies in the field are encouraged.

scholarly journals Low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age association with adult depression: systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Loret De Mola ◽  
Giovanny Vinícius Araújo De França ◽  
Luciana de Avila Quevedo ◽  
Bernardo Lessa Horta
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the effects that low birth weight, premature birth and intrauterine growth have on later depression.AimsTo review systematically the evidence on the relationship of low birth weight, smallness for gestational age (SGA) and premature birth with adult depression.MethodWe searched the literature for original studies assessing the effect of low birth weight, premature birth and SGA on adult depression. Separate meta-analyses were carried out for each exposure using random and fixed effects models. We evaluated the contribution of methodological covariates to heterogeneity using meta-regression.ResultsWe identified 14 studies evaluating low birth weight, 9 premature birth and 4 SGA. Low birth weight increased the odds of depression (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.60). Premature birth and SGA were not associated with depression, but publication bias might have underestimated the effect of the former and only four studies evaluated SGA.ConclusionsLow birth weight was associated with depression. Future studies evaluating premature birth and SGA are needed.

P4392A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Antonopoulos ◽  
G Skotsimara ◽  
E Oikonomou ◽  
N Ioakeimidis ◽  
C V Mistakidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Safe Alternative

Abstract Background Electronic cigarette (EC) is marketed as a safe alternative to tobacco smoking, but EC cardiovascular effects remains largely unknown. Purpose To systematically review and meta-analyse published literature to investigate the cardiovascular effects and associated risk from EC use. Methods We searched PubMed from January 2000 until November 2017 for published studies assessing the cardiovascular effects of EC. For each eligible study we used the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SBP, DBP and HR. The pooled MDs for each outcome of interest were calculated by using a fixed effects model. The presence of heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by the I2 statistic. Results We report conflicting evidence on the effects of EC on heart rate and blood pressure, which is mainly based on non-randomized clinical studies of moderate quality. In a meta-analysis of 14 studies (n=441 participants), that despite the negative effects of EC on heart rate (pooled MD=2.27, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.89, p<0.001), diastolic (DBP, pooled MD=2.01mmHg, 95% CI: 0.62 to 3.39, p=0.004) and systolic blood pressure (SBP, pooled MD=2.02mmHg, 95% CI: 0.07 to 3.97, p=0.042), benefits may be observed in terms of blood pressure regulation when switching from tobacco smoking to EC (SBP pooled MD=−7.00, 95% CI: −9.63 to −4.37, p<0.001; DBP pooled MD=−3.65, 95% CI: −5.71 to −1.59, p=0.001). Evidence suggests that EC negatively affects endothelial function, arterial stiffness and the long-term risk for coronary events, but these findings are derived from single study reports and have not been confirmed in additional studies. Conclusions We report adverse effects of EC use on heart rate and blood pressure. Unless supported by stronger evidence, EC should not be labelled as cardiovascular safe products. Future studies should delineate whether EC use is less hazardous to cardiovascular health than conventional cigarette smoking.

Depression: emotionale Vernachlässigung und emotionaler Missbrauch von besonderer Bedeutung

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (08) ◽  
pp. 327-328
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Depression

Nelson et al. Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: meta-analysis. World Psychiatry, DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.1 80752

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