The role of abiotic variables in an emerging global amphibian fungal disease in mountains

2021 ◽  
pp. 152735
Author(s):  
Marilen Haver ◽  
Gaël Le Roux ◽  
Jan Friesen ◽  
Adeline Loyau ◽  
Vance T. Vredenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Abiotic Variables

scholarly journals Detecting environment-dependent diversification from phylogenies: a simulation study and some empirical illustrations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lewitus ◽  
Hélène Morlon
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Species Trees ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Dependency Tree ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
Abiotic Variables

AbstractUnderstanding the relative influence of various abiotic and biotic variables on diversification dynamics is a major goal of macroevolutionary studies. Recently, phylogenetic approaches have been developed that make it possible to estimate the role of various environmental variables on diversification using time-calibrated species trees, paleoenvironmental data, and maximum-likelihood techniques. These approaches have been effectively employed to estimate how speciation and extinction rates vary with key abiotic variables, such as temperature and sea level, and we can anticipate that they will be increasingly used in the future. Here we compile a series of biotic and abiotic paleodatasets that can be used as explanatory variables in these models and use simulations to assess the statistical properties of the approach when applied to these paleodatasets. We demonstrate that environment-dependent models perform well in recovering environment-dependent speciation and extinction parameters, as well as in correctly identifying the simulated environmental model when speciation isenvironment-dependent. We explore how the strength of the environment-dependency, tree size, missing taxa, and characteristics of the paleoenvironmental curves influence the performance of the models. Finally, using these models, we infer environment-dependent diversification in three empirical phylogenies: temperature-dependence in Cetacea,δ13C-dependence in Ruminantia, andCO2-dependence in Portulacaceae. We illustrate how to evaluate the relative importance of abiotic and biotic variables in these three clades and interpret these results in light of macroevolutionary hypotheses for mammals and plants. Given the important role paleoenvironments are presumed to have played in species evolution, our statistical assessment of how environment-dependent models behave is crucial for their utility in macroevolutionary analysis.

Role of temperature in determining relative abundance in cave twilight zones by two species of lungless salamander (family Plethodontidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Camp ◽  
Jessica A. Wooten ◽  
John B. Jensen ◽  
Dale F. Bartek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Plethodon Glutinosus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Environmental Niche Models ◽  
Response To Temperature

Lungless salamanders of the family Plethodontidae have historically been considered to be passive conformers to their surrounding thermal environment because there is no evidence that they thermoregulate behaviourally in the field. In contrast, plethodontids readily choose optimal temperatures when placed on experimental thermal gradients. It has been hypothesized that restriction to moist habitats prevents these salamanders from exploiting thermally diverse microhabitats in nature. We tested this hypothesis, as well as the hypothesis that response to temperature differs among plethodontid species, by investigating the thermal ecology of two species (Cave Salamander, Eurycea lucifuga Rafinesque, 1822, and Northern Slimy Salamander, Plethodon glutinosus (Green, 1818)) occupying twilight zones of six caves in northwestern Georgia. We recorded inside and outside temperatures, as well as the number of each species, for each of three seasons (summer, fall, spring) over 13 years. We also tested for differences in thermal preference along experimental gradients in the laboratory. We further generated environmental niche models (ENMs) to investigate the potential role of abiotic variables, including environmental temperature, in determining the geographic range of each species. We found that both species responded to cave temperature in such a way as to suggest that these salamanders thermoregulate behaviourally when given a diversity of thermal options within a relatively constant moisture regime. We also determined that E. lucifuga prefers lower temperatures than P. glutinosus. ENM analysis indicated that, while abiotic variables both strongly influence the ecological niche of both species, the range of E. lucifuga is strongly predicted by them. The geographic distribution of P. glutinosus is apparently heavily influenced by the presence of closely related, contiguous neighbors with similar niche requirements.

Role of Serodiagnostic Tests and Skin Tests in the Diagnosis of Fungal Disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Scott F. Davies ◽  
George A. Sarosi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Skin Tests

The Role of Human IL-17 Immunity in Fungal Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Maródi ◽  
Sophie Cypowyj ◽  
Jean-Laurent Casanova ◽  
Anne Puel
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Disease

La végétation des combes à neige du golfe de Richmond, Québec nordique

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1515-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Serge Payette
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Abiotic Variables

An exhaustive survey of snow patches, along an altitudinal gradient situated in an area of about 10 km2 along the Hudson Bay highlands, underlines the role of altitude, exposition, and topography in maintaining these habitats. The principal component analysis from a stratified sampling of the snow patches in the three cuesta lithological zones (arkose, dolomite, and basalt) stresses the effect of the snow melt gradient on species distribution within a snow patch. The ordination of abiotic variables performed on the ordination frame of snow patches shows that lithology and substratum are the principal factors responsible for the vegetation characteristics, allowing the determination of two main types of snow patches in the arkose and dolomite zones and three types in the basalt zone.

Clinically healthy amphibians in captive collections and at pet fairs: A reservoir of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonnie Woeltjes ◽  
Matthew Rendle ◽  
Annemarieke Spitzen-van der Sluijs ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
An Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Pathogen Pollution

Abstract Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is the cause of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis, a potentially lethal skin disease of amphibians. Asymptomatically infected amphibians may pose a risk for environmental pathogen pollution. This study therefore assessed the role of healthy, captive amphibians as a reservoir of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Samples were collected from captive amphibians in Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and France (559 from anurans, 330 from urodelans and 4 from gymnophians) from private owners, zoos, and laboratories. In addition to which, 78 anurans from 19 living collections were sampled during a pet fair in the Netherlands. Nearly 3% of the captive amphibians were infected by B. dendrobatidis, and 13.6% of the collections yielded at least one positive result. At the fair, 7 out of 78 anurans, representing 2 collections were positive. None of the animals that tested positive showed any obvious health problems at the time of sampling. Our results demonstrate the potential of the amphibian pet trade as a vehicle for the spread of B. dendrobatidis.

Copper Based Nanomaterials Suppress Root Fungal Disease in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): Role of Particle Morphology, Composition and Dissolution Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 14847-14856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Borgatta ◽  
Chuanxin Ma ◽  
Natalie Hudson-Smith ◽  
Wade Elmer ◽  
Cristian David Plaza Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Dissolution Behavior

New Approaches to Candida and Oral Mycotic Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McCullough ◽  
L.L. Patton ◽  
M. Coogan ◽  
P.L. Fidel ◽  
M. Komesu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Neonatal Nutrition ◽  
Topical Medications

This workshop reviewed aspects of the following: oral fungal disease in HIV-infected patients and the predictive value of oral mucosal disease in HIV progression; the role of the oral biofilms in mucosal disease; microbial virulence factors and the pseudomembranous oral mucosal disease process; the role that oral mucosal disease may have in HIV transmission; and the available topical antifungal treatment. This article summarizes the ensuing discussions and raises pertinent problems and potential research directions associated with oral fungal disease in HIV-infected patients, including the frequency of oral candidosis, the role of the intraoral biofilm in the development of oral mucosal disease, and host-pathogen interactions, as well as the development of the fetal oral mucosa, neonatal nutrition, and the role of oral candidosis in this setting. Finally, discussions are summarized on the use of inexpensive effective antifungal mouthwashes in resource-poor countries, the potential stigmata that may be associated with their use, as well as novel topical medications that may have clinical applicability in managing oral candidal infections in HIV-infected patients.

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