Role of temperature in determining relative abundance in cave twilight zones by two species of lungless salamander (family Plethodontidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Camp ◽  
Jessica A. Wooten ◽  
John B. Jensen ◽  
Dale F. Bartek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Plethodon Glutinosus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Environmental Niche Models ◽  
Response To Temperature

Lungless salamanders of the family Plethodontidae have historically been considered to be passive conformers to their surrounding thermal environment because there is no evidence that they thermoregulate behaviourally in the field. In contrast, plethodontids readily choose optimal temperatures when placed on experimental thermal gradients. It has been hypothesized that restriction to moist habitats prevents these salamanders from exploiting thermally diverse microhabitats in nature. We tested this hypothesis, as well as the hypothesis that response to temperature differs among plethodontid species, by investigating the thermal ecology of two species (Cave Salamander, Eurycea lucifuga Rafinesque, 1822, and Northern Slimy Salamander, Plethodon glutinosus (Green, 1818)) occupying twilight zones of six caves in northwestern Georgia. We recorded inside and outside temperatures, as well as the number of each species, for each of three seasons (summer, fall, spring) over 13 years. We also tested for differences in thermal preference along experimental gradients in the laboratory. We further generated environmental niche models (ENMs) to investigate the potential role of abiotic variables, including environmental temperature, in determining the geographic range of each species. We found that both species responded to cave temperature in such a way as to suggest that these salamanders thermoregulate behaviourally when given a diversity of thermal options within a relatively constant moisture regime. We also determined that E. lucifuga prefers lower temperatures than P. glutinosus. ENM analysis indicated that, while abiotic variables both strongly influence the ecological niche of both species, the range of E. lucifuga is strongly predicted by them. The geographic distribution of P. glutinosus is apparently heavily influenced by the presence of closely related, contiguous neighbors with similar niche requirements.

scholarly journals Post-hatch heat warms adult beaks: irreversible physiological plasticity in Japanese quail

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1767) ◽  
pp. 20131436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Burness ◽  
Jacqueline R. Huard ◽  
Emily Malcolm ◽  
Glenn J. Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Window ◽  
Bill Morphology

Across taxa, the early rearing environment contributes to adult morphological and physiological variation. For example, in birds, environmental temperature plays a key role in shaping bill size and clinal trends across latitudinal/thermal gradients. Such patterns support the role of the bill as a thermal window and in thermal balance. It remains unknown whether bill size and thermal function are reversibly plastic. We raised Japanese quail in warm (30°C) or cold (15°C) environments and then at a common intermediate temperature. We predicted that birds raised in cold temperatures would develop smaller bills than warm-reared individuals, and that regulation of blood flow to the bill in response to changing temperatures would parallel the bill's role in thermal balance. Cold-reared birds developed shorter bills, although bill size exhibited ‘catch-up’ growth once adults were placed at a common temperature. Despite having lived in a common thermal environment as adults, individuals that were initially reared in the warmth had higher bill surface temperatures than cold-reared individuals, particularly under cold conditions. This suggests that blood vessel density and/or the control over blood flow in the bill retained a memory of early thermal ontogeny. We conclude that post-hatch temperature reversibly affects adult bill morphology but irreversibly influences the thermal physiological role of bills and may play an underappreciated role in avian energetics.

Non-Normative Events and Family Functioning: The Role of the Family Psychologist

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Harway ◽  
◽  
Nancy Boyd-Franklin ◽  
Robert Geffner ◽  
Marsali Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
The Family

Mental Health of War-Affected Youth in Two Conflicts: The Role of the Family, Community and Classroom

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Borisova ◽  
Theresa Betancourt ◽  
Wietse Tol ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
The Family

Mindfulness and Parental Stress Among Parents of Children with Developmental Delays: The Role of the Family Environment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merideth A. Robinson ◽  
Andrea C. Lewallen ◽  
Robyn Finckbone ◽  
Kristin Crocfer ◽  
Keith P. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
The Family

HUBUNGAN PERAN FAMILY CAREGIVER TERHADAP QUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
RIANI PRADARA JATI ◽  
Sekar Farah Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family

  Penempatan peran yang baik bagi Family Caregiver sangatlah membantu lansia dalam meningkatkah qualitas hidupnya, meningkatkan motivasi dalam menjalankan hidup Penelitian ini bertujuan Mengetahui hubungan peran Family Caregiver dalam pemenuhan qualitas hidup bagi lansia di Kelurahan Langenharjo Kabupaten Kendal. DesainPenelitianDeskriptifKorelasional menggunakan pendekatan Krosectional,tehnikSamplingStratified Simple Random Sampling dengan karakteristik heterogen, dari populasi mempunyai hak yang sama untuk diseleksi sebagai sampel teknik undianPengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji statistik Chi-square, dengan taraf signifikasi 5%jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini 70 sampel pada Family Caregiver dari 213 populasi yang ada. Hasil penelitian dari 70 responden didapatkan Peran Family Caregiver tidak baik dengan qualitas hidup tidak baik 33 (47,1%), sedangkan Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik 3 (4,3%). Untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik sebanyak 6 responden (8,6%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik sebanyak 23 responden (32,9%). Terakhir, untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik didapatkan hasil 2 responden (2, 9%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik didapatkan hasil 3 responden (4,3%)Menunjukkan nilai ρ value 0,001 (ρ < 0,05) berarti ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan lansia dalam keikutsertaan posyandu lansia. Disarankan kepada semua Family Cregiver lansia untuk mampu memahami pentingnya perhatian, dukungan bagi lansia dalammeningkatkan qualitas hidup yang lebih baik bagi lansia.   Kata kunci : Peran family caregiver, qualitas hidup, lansia.   ABSTRACT Placement of a good role for Family Caregiver is very helpful for the elderly to improve their quality of life, increase motivation in living life Research Objective: To know the relationship between the role of Family Caregiver in fulfilling quality of life for the elderly in Langenharjo Village, Kendal Regency. Descriptive Correlational Research Design uses a cross sectional approach, Sampling Stratified Simple Random Sampling technique with heterogeneous characteristics, from the population has the same right to be selected as a sample lottery technique Retrieving data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Test Chi-square statistics, with a significance level of 5% the number of samples in this study 70 samples on the Family Caregiver from 213 populations. Results of the Study Of 70 respondents found the role of Family Caregiver was not good with poor quality of life 33 (47.1%) , while the role of the Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of a good elderly 3 (4.3%). For the distribution of the role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of the poor family as many as 6 respondents (8.6%) while for the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of good elderly as many as 23 respondents (32.9%). Finally, the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the poor is obtained by 2 respondents (2, 9%), while the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the elderly is obtained by 3 respondents (4.3%). 0.001 (ρ <0.05) means that there is a relationship between family support and the compliance of the elderly in the participation of the elderly posyandu. It is recommended to all elderly Cregiver families to be able to understand the importance of attention, support for the elderly in improving the quality of life better for the elderly   Keywords: Role of Family Caregiver, Quality of Life, Elderly

A migration industry for skilled migrants: the case of relocation services

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Tissot
Keyword(s):  
International Schools ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Migration Industry

The aim of this article is to clarify the role of the organisations that support skilled migrants after a relocation, using the analytical concept of migration industry. The concept is used as a tool to explore the gap between the macro and the micro levels and by that stresses the crucial meso-level when it comes to conceptualizing (skilled) migration. I use 30 semi-directive interviews with skilled migrants and six interviews with key informants in the migration industry as a basis for the analysis, leading me to distinguish three main services at the heart of this industry. Each service is covered by distinct private actors: the basic needs of the family by relocation offices, the education of the children by international schools, and the careers of the partner by outplacement agencies.

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Studying the Processes of Socialization of a Modern Teenager

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alekseevna Raschetina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Making Friends ◽  
Main Support

Relevance and problem statement. Modern unstable society is characterized by narrowing the boundaries of controlled socialization and expanding the boundaries of spontaneous socialization of a teenager based on his immersion in the question arises about the importance of the family in the process of socialization of a teenager in the conditions of expanding the space of socialization. There is a need to study the role of the family in this process, to search, develop and test research methods that allow us to reveal the phenomenon of socialization from the side of its value characteristics. The purpose and methodology of the study: to identify the possibilities of a systematic and anthropological methodology for studying the role of the family in the process of socialization of adolescents in modern conditions, testing research methods: photo research on the topic “Ego – I” (author of the German sociologist H. Abels), profile update reflexive processes (by S. A. Raschetina). Materials and results of the study. The study showed that for all the problems that exist in the family of the perestroika era and in the modern family, it acts for a teenager as a value and the first (main) support in the processes of socialization. The positions well known in psychology about the importance of interpersonal relations in adolescence for the formation of attitudes towards oneself as the basis of socialization are confirmed. Today, the frontiers of making friends have expanded enormously on the basis of Internet communication. The types of activities of interest to a teenager (traditional and new ones related to digitalization) are the third pillar of socialization. Conclusion. The “Ego – I” method of photo research has a wide range of possibilities for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the socialization process to identify the value Pillars of this process.

Role of the family focused technologies in the clinical course of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Vdovichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Individual Preparation

The objective: to show a role of the family focused technologies in depression of frequency of pathology of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk. Patients and methods. For determination of efficiency of prophylaxis of pathology of pregnancy on the basis of use of the family focused technologies complex clinical-psychological and laboratory and tool examination of 300 women with factors of obstetric risk which were divided into two groups was conducted. In the main group – 182 women with motivation on partner labors to which provided training on system of individual preparation of married couple to labors. The comparison group consisted of 118 women who were not in prenatal training and had individual support in childbirth, with the traditional approach to pain management. Results. Use of the family focused technologies during pregnancy allows to reduce significantly the frequency of the main complications of pregnancy, especially not incubation and premature births. Conclusion. In our opinion, the technique is simple, available and can widely be used in practical health care at women with high obstetric risk. Key words: obstetric risk, the family focused technologies, prophylaxis.

Preparing the Child for Productive Life

IJOHMN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Stella Baindu Fortune Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Learner Control ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
School Life ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Know How ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genetic Endowment

The nature of children’s development is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions in which they are brought up. The amount of social stimulation which they receive is of particular importance, and even if physical conditions are adequate, an unstimulating environment which provides with little opportunity or need to experiment or solve problems will result in low level of achievement. Perhaps the most important aspect of the child’s social development is beyond the reach of the teacher. For the first very important aspect of the child’s development lies in the home. Genetic endowment and cultural level of the family, coupled with the actual physical conditions of the home will have decisive effect on the child’s development and will continue to influence him throughout his school life. These factors are inaccessible to be influenced by the teacher but it is as well for him to have them in mind in his dealings with pupils. In addition, he will need to know how he may most effectively change his pupils along the lives he considers to be the most appropriate. That is, he will seek out the most efficient ways of getting pupils learn for productive life in future. The topic under review will be approached from various fronts which include; The Sociological and Philosophical models; role of the school; Learners’ responsibility; role of the teacher; discipline and learner control; role of the parent; guidance and counseling services and conclusion.

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