Extra-thin composite nanofiltration membranes tuned by γ-cyclodextrins containing amphipathic cavities for efficient separation of magnesium/lithium ions

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

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X-ray diffraction study on the distribution of lithium ions in ? spinel solid solutions

Solid State Ionics ◽

10.1016/s0167-2738(97)00156-2 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 101-103 (1-2) ◽

pp. 527-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E Wolska

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Study ◽

Solid Solutions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Lithium Ions ◽

X Ray ◽

Spinel Solid Solutions

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Soft X-ray lasing with lithium ions ?

Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) ◽

10.1051/jp4:2001238 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (PR2) ◽

pp. Pr2-201-Pr2-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Reinhardt ◽

M. Born ◽

A. Egbert ◽

B. N. Chichkov ◽

G. Veres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ions ◽

X Ray

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Innovative and sustainable concept of regeneration of decolorization ion exchange resins

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si13033 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 381-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.A. Theoleyre ◽

Anne Gonin ◽

Dominique Paillat

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Nanofiltration Membranes ◽

Industrial Efficiency ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Multiple Effect ◽

Exchange Resins

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a multiple-effect evaporation of salty permeates. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.

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Innovative concepts of regeneration of decolorization ion exchange resins in sugar refineries

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si17497 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 377-380

Author(s):

Marc André Théoleyre ◽

Anne Gonin ◽

Dominique Paillat

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Nanofiltration Membranes ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Multiple Effect ◽

Exchange Resins

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a system to concentrate salty permeates. According to specific local conditions on energy supply and cost, the concentration of salty permeates can be either a multiple effect evaporator or a combination of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.

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Effect of operating conditions on rejection of anionic pollutants in the water environment by nanofiltration especially in very low pressure range

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0199 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Ratanatamskul ◽

K. Yamamoto ◽

T. Urase ◽

S. Ohgaki

Keyword(s):

Water Environment ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

Nanofiltration Membranes ◽

Single Solution ◽

Crossflow Velocity ◽

Membrane Type ◽

New Generation

The recent development of new generation LPRO or nanofiltration membranes have received attraction for application in the field of wastewater and water treatment through an increasingly stringent regulation for drinking purpose and water reclamation. In this research, the application on treatment of anionic pollutants (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfate and chloride ions) have been investigated as functions of transmembrane pressure, crossflow velocity and temperature under very much lower pressure operation range (0.49 to 0.03 MPa) than any other previous research used to do. Negative rejection was also observed under very much low range of operating pressure in the case of membrane type NTR-7250. Moreover, the extended Nernst-Planck model was used for analysis of the experimental data of the rejection of nitrate, nitrite and chloride ions in single solution by considering effective charged density of the membranes.

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