Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (mean weight 180 ± 10 g) fed diets deficient in ascorbic acid, tocopherol, both, or neither were exposed to one of three cadmium concentrations (0, 2, or 4 μg Cd/L). After 181 d of exposure, liver and whole blood were sampled. Cadmium exposure was found to significantly increase the Cd content in liver, especially in fish fed a diet deficient in ascorbic acid. Hepatic stores of ascorbic acid decreased in fish exposed to Cd and in fish fed diets deficient in tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Depletion of tocopherol in liver occurred only in those fish fed a diet deficient in tocopherol and exposed to Cd. Superoxide dismutase activity in liver increased with Cd exposure and with dietary deficiencies of tocopherol and ascorbic acid, while catalase was inhibited by exposure to Cd alone. Glutathione peroxidase activity was unaffected by Cd but was lower in fish fed a diet deficient in both tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Erythrocyte fragility, measured by spontaneous hemolysis of red blood cells in physiological saline, was increased by Cd exposure and the deficiencies of dietary tocopherol and ascorbic acid.

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Synthesis of stress protein 70 (Hsp70) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red blood cells

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.200.3.607 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 200 (3) ◽

pp. 607-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S Currie ◽

B Tufts

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Rainbow Trout ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Stress Proteins ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Hsp70 Synthesis

Unlike enucleated mammalian red blood cells (rbcs), the nucleated rbcs of lower vertebrates are capable of protein synthesis and may, therefore, serve as a valuable model to investigate the adaptive significance of stress protein synthesis in cells. This study examined the synthesis of stress protein 70 (Hsp70) in rbcs of the temperature-sensitive rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in response to heat shock and anoxia. Through western blot analysis, we have demonstrated that rainbow trout rbcs synthesize Hsp70 both constitutively and in response to an increase in temperature. Radioisotopic labelling experiments indicated that the temperature at which Hsp70 synthesis was induced in fish acclimated to 10 °C was between 20 and 25 °C. Actinomycin D blocked de novo Hsp70 synthesis, implying that synthesis of Hsp70 is regulated at the level of transcription in rainbow trout rbcs. Since trout rbcs rely heavily on aerobic metabolism, but may also experience very low oxygen levels within the circulation, we also examined the relative importance of (1) anoxia as a stimulus for Hsp70 synthesis and (2) oxygen as a requirement for protein synthesis under control and heat-shock conditions. We found that trout rbcs were capable of protein synthesis during 2 h of anoxia, but did not increase Hsp70 synthesis. Moreover, rbcs subjected to combined anoxia and heat shock exhibited increases in Hsp70 synthesis that were similar in magnitude to those in cells exposed to heat shock alone. The latter results suggest that rainbow trout rbcs are (1) able to synthesize non-stress proteins during anoxia, (2) capable of tolerating periods of reduced oxygen availability without increased synthesis of stress proteins and (3) able to maintain the integrity of their heat-shock response even during periods of anoxia.

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Effects of yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia L.) on growth performance, serum biochemical level and liver metabonomics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Aquaculture Reports ◽

10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 100481

Author(s):

Fan Wang ◽

Fei Liu ◽

Wanguang Chen

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Biochemical Level

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Natural anti-proteases in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis and the in vitro neutralization of fish α2-macroglobulin by the metalloprotease from the pathogenic haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182096008578 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 375-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

X. ZUO ◽

P. T. K. WOO

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Protease Inhibitor ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Proteolytic Activity ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽

Brook Charr ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Α2 Macroglobulin

Natural anti-proteases (α1-protease inhibitor (α1-PI; α1-antitrypsin) and α2-macroglobulin (α2-M)) were found in the blood of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis. The α2-M inhibited Cryptobia salmositica proteases and was significantly higher in brook charr than in rainbow trout. Under in vitro conditions it took longer for the same number of parasites to neutralize the α2-M in charr than in trout blood. The haemolysis which occurred when C. salmositica was incubated in the blood of rainbow trout was due to neutralization of α2-M. This in vitro study also showed that it was the metalloprotease of C. salmositica that lysed red blood cells and the plasma of the two species of fishes initially prevented haemolysis by inhibiting the proteolytic activity. We suggest that the natural plasma α2-M plays an important role in defence against cryptobiosis in fishes.

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5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced calcium-channel gating in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood lymphocytes

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3230251 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 323 (1) ◽

pp. 251-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

François FERRIERE ◽

Naïm A. KHAN ◽

Jean P. MEYNIEL ◽

Pierre DESCHAUX

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Calcium Signalling ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Free Calcium ◽

Receptor Subtype ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Peripheral Blood Lympho

The present study was conducted on peripheral blood lympho-cytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to assess the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; ‘serotonin’) in calcium signalling. 5-HT-induced increases in intracellular free calcium concentrations, [Ca2+]i, and its action was mediated by 5-HT receptor subtype 3 (5-HT3), but not by 5-HT receptor subtype 1A (5-HT1A) or subtype 2 (5-HT2) in these cells. In Ca2+-containing medium (1 mM CaCl2), 5-HT and 2-methyl-5-HT (5-HT3 receptor agonist) induced increases in [Ca2+]i, whereas in Ca2+-free medium (0 Ca2+, 1 mM EGTA), these two agents failed to evoke increases in [Ca2+]i in these cells, demonstrating that 5-HT mobilizes Ca2+ from the extracellular environment. Furthermore, 5-HT-induced increases in [Ca2+]i are not contributed to by the intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pool, as thapsigargin, an agent that recruits Ca2+ from ER stores, had additive effects on 5-HT-induced [Ca2+]i responses in fish peripheral lymphocytes. 5-HT-induced increases in [Ca2+]i were mediated by 5-HT3 receptors via gating the calcium through L-type, but not N-type, calcium channels in trout lymphocytes.

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