Evaluation of paroxysmal sleep related complex motor behaviors with stereo-EEG

Timing is fundamental to complex motor behaviors: from tying a knot to playing the piano. A general feature of motor timing is temporal scaling: the ability to produce motor patterns at different speeds. Here we report that temporal scaling is not automatic. After learning to produce a Morse code pattern at one speed, subjects did not accurately generalize to novel speeds. Temporal scaling was also not a general property of a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, however after training across different speeds the model produced robust temporal scaling. The model captured a signature of motor timing-Weber′s law-but predicted that temporal precision increases at faster speeds. A human psychophysics study confirmed this prediction: the standard deviation of responses in absolute time were lower at faster speeds. These results establish that RNNs can account for temporal scaling, and suggest a novel psychophysical principle: the Weber-speed effect.

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Closed-loop automated reaching apparatus (CLARA) for interrogating complex motor behaviors

Journal of Neural Engineering ◽

10.1088/1741-2552/ac1ed1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Spencer Bowles ◽

W. Ryan Williamson ◽

Dailey Nettles ◽

Jordan Hickman ◽

Cristin G Welle

Keyword(s):

Closed Loop ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Complex Motor

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High order structure in mouse courtship vocalizations

10.1101/728477 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stav Hertz ◽

Benjamin Weiner ◽

Nisim Perets ◽

Michael London

Keyword(s):

Neural Control ◽

Temporal Structure ◽

Order Structure ◽

Sequence Structure ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Information Maximization ◽

Complex Motor ◽

Information Score ◽

Complex Sequences

AbstractMany complex motor behaviors can be decomposed into sequences of simple individual elements. Mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are naturally divided into distinct syllables and thus are useful for studying the neural control of complex sequences production. However, little is known about the rules governing their temporal order. We recorded USVs during male-female courtship (460,000 USVs grouped into 44,000 sequences) and classified them using three popular algorithms. Modeling the sequences as Markov processes revealed a significant temporal structure which was dependent on the specific classification algorithm. To quantify how syllable misclassification obscures the true underlying sequence structure, we used information theory. We developed the Syntax Information Score and ranked the syllable classifications of the three algorithms. Finally, we derived a novel algorithm (Syntax Information Maximization) that utilized sequence statistics to improve the classification of individual USVs with respect to the underlying sequence structure.

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The Language Development Via FOXP2 in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200909141108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (37) ◽

pp. 4789-4795

Author(s):

Panpan Chen ◽

Zhongying Li ◽

Yanfei Li ◽

Syed S. Ahmad ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Language Learning ◽

Language Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Complex Motor ◽

The Right

Background: An increasing number of newborn children in numerous nations are enrolled in early childhood education programs, and instructors, in this way, assume a focal job in invigorating language improvement in these youthful kids. Kids with language issues are found to have a higher risk for future scholarly challenges and learning inabilities. Language advancement among kids is an intricate procedure and vital for correspondence. The shortcomings in the utilization of grammatical structures may lessen the useful utilization of language for verbally expressive kids with autism spectrum disorder and exacerbate troubles with academic and social expertise advancement. Results: FOXP2, the single principal gene connected to a speech and language issue, is significant for the right execution of complex motor behaviors used for speech. In any case, changes in FOXP2 lead to a speech/language issue portrayed by childhood apraxia of speech. These days, language learning is fundamentally required for kids who need to move to different nations to pursue the instructive frameworks and be helpful individuals or residents of those nations. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of FOXP2 in language disorder and its management for children’s language and communication development.

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Hypnagogic Behavior Disorder: Complex Motor Behaviors During Wake–Sleep Transitions in 2 Young Children

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/0883073808314964 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 959-963

Author(s):

Juan A. Pareja ◽

María Luz Cuadrado ◽

Irene García-Morales ◽

Antonio Gil-Nagel ◽

Oriol Franch

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Behavior Disorder ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Complex Motor

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Complex motor behaviors in temporal lobe epilepsy

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000187069.64164.1b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 1805-1807 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. Carreno ◽

A. Donaire ◽

M. A. P. Jimenez ◽

R. Agudo ◽

A. Quilez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Complex Motor

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Accelerated redevelopment of vocal skills is preceded by lasting reorganization of the song motor circuitry

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.43194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michiel Vellema ◽

Mariana Diales Rocha ◽

Sabrina Bascones ◽

Sándor Zsebők ◽

Jes Dreier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Vocal Performance ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Skill Performance ◽

Complex Motor ◽

Synaptic Changes ◽

Complex Motor Skills ◽

The Brain ◽

Synaptic Pruning

Complex motor skills take considerable time and practice to learn. Without continued practice the level of skill performance quickly degrades, posing a problem for the timely utilization of skilled motor behaviors. Here we quantified the recurring development of vocal motor skills and the accompanying changes in synaptic connectivity in the brain of a songbird, while manipulating skill performance by consecutively administrating and withdrawing testosterone. We demonstrate that a songbird with prior singing experience can significantly accelerate the re-acquisition of vocal performance. We further demonstrate that an increase in vocal performance is accompanied by a pronounced synaptic pruning in the forebrain vocal motor area HVC, a reduction that is not reversed when birds stop singing. These results provide evidence that lasting synaptic changes in the motor circuitry are associated with the savings of motor skills, enabling a rapid recovery of motor performance under environmental time constraints.

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Interactions within and between parallel parietal-frontal networks involved in complex motor behaviors in prosimian galagos and a squirrel monkey

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00576.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 123 (1) ◽

pp. 34-56

Author(s):

Iwona Stepniewska ◽

Robert M. Friedman ◽

Daniel J. Miller ◽

Jon H. Kaas

Keyword(s):

Functional Domain ◽

Simultaneous Stimulation ◽

Motor Behaviors ◽

Electrical Pulses ◽

Specific Complex ◽

Complex Motor ◽

Motor Outputs ◽

Parietal Cortices ◽

Complex Movement ◽

Stimulation Of

Long-train intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of motor (M1) and posterior parietal cortices (PPC) in primates reveals cortical domains for different ethologically relevant behaviors. How functional domains interact with each other in producing motor behaviors is not known. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that matching domains interact to produce a specific complex movement, whereas connections between nonmatching domains are involved in suppression of conflicting motor outputs to prevent competing movements. In anesthetized galagos, we used 500-ms trains of ICMS to evoke complex movements from a functional domain in M1 or PPC while simultaneously stimulating another mismatched or matched domain. We considered movements of different and similar directions evoked from chosen cortical sites distant or close to each other. Their trajectories and speeds were analyzed and compared with those evoked by simultaneous stimulation. Stimulation of two sites evoking same or complementary movements produced a similar but more pronounced movement or a combined movement, respectively. Stimulation of two sites representing movements of different directions resulted in partial or total suppression of one of these movements. Thus interactions between domains in M1 and PPC were additive when they were functionally matched across fields or antagonistic between functionally conflicting domains, especially in PPC, suggesting that mismatched domains are involved in mutual suppression. Simultaneous stimulation of unrelated domains (forelimb and face) produced both movements independently. Movements produced by the simultaneous stimulation of sites in domains of two cerebral hemispheres were largely independent, but some interactions were observed. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Long trains of electrical pulses applied simultaneously to two sites in motor cortical areas (M1, PPC) have shown that interactions of functionally matched domains (evoking similar movements) within these areas were additive to produce a specific complex movement. Interactions between functionally mismatched domains (evoking different movements) were mostly antagonistic, suggesting their involvement in mutual suppression of conflicting motor outputs to prevent competing movements. Simultaneous stimulation of unrelated domains (forelimb and face) produced both movements independently.

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