How do children and adolescents of separated parents sleep? An investigation of custody arrangements, sleep habits, sleep problems, and sleep duration in Sweden

Abstract Introduction ‘Co-sleep’ is defined as the sleep arrangements in which parents and their child sharing a sleeping surface (bed-sharing or room-sharing). Similar to the other Asian countries, Taiwan has a high reported rates of bed-sharing. Previous researches had shown shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality in children with co-sleep. However, the association between co-sleep and the children’s emotional and behavioral problems has not been well studied. This study aims to explore the association between sleeping arrangements and children’s sleep, as well as their daytime emotional and behavioral problems. Methods 9,582 caregivers of preschoolers (age= 4.70±0.806; Male: Female=52%:48%) completed a questionnaire regarding their children’s sleep schedule, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Strength and Difficulties Questions (SDQ). The reported frequency on the items of the CHSQ question regarding co-sleep, asking whether the child falls asleep in parent’s or sibling’ s bed or sleep alone, were used to divide the children into three groups: usually co-sleep group, sometimes co-sleep group and sleep-alone group. Results Among 2,967 preschoolers, 6,272 children (65.5%) reported usually co-sleep, 816 children (8.5%) reported sometimes co-sleep, and 2,494 children (26%) reported sleeping alone. One-way ANOVAs showed significant differences among three groups in: 1) sleep patterns, including weekday nighttime sleep duration (F=24.43, p<.01), weekend nighttime sleep duration (F=3.13, p<.05), weekday nap duration (F=4.24, p<.05), and weekend nap time (F=4.39, p<.05); 2) sleep problems on the CHSQ, including bed time resistance (F=7027.25, p<.01), sleep onset delay (F=33.06, p<.01), sleep duration (F=65.51, p<.01), sleep anxiety (F=788.48, p<.01), night waking (F=37.90, p<.01), parasomnias (F=47.43, p<.01), sleep disorder breathing (F=7.58, p<.01), and sleepiness (F=13.44, p<.01); 3) behavioral problems and development on the SDQ, including hyperactivity (F=21.16, p<.01), emotional symptom (F=23.08, p<.01), conduct problem (F=8.65, p<.01), peer problems (F=20.59, p<.01), and prosocial (F=17.67, p<.01). Conclusion Our results indicate that children with more frequent co-sleep may have shorter sleep duration, more sleep problems as well as more external and internal behavioral problems, while sleep-alone children showed more prosocial behaviors, longer sleep duration, and less sleep problems. The potential developmental problems related to co-sleep may be underestimated in Asian culture and need more attentions. Support (if any):

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COVID-19 illness in relation to sleep and burnout

BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health ◽

10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000228 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjnph-2021-000228

Author(s):

Hyunju Kim ◽

Sheila Hegde ◽

Christine LaFiura ◽

Madhunika Raghavan ◽

Eric Luong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Risk ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

High Level ◽

Daytime Nap

BackgroundSleep habits and burnout have been shown to be associated with increase in infectious diseases, but it is unknown if these factors are associated with risk of COVID-19. We assessed whether sleep and self-reported burnout may be risk factors for COVID-19 among high-risk healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsFrom 17 July to 25 September 2020, a web-based survey was administered to HCWs in six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, USA) with a high frequency of workplace exposure. Participants provided information on demographics, sleep (number of sleep hours at night, daytime napping hours, sleep problems), burnout from work and COVID-19 exposures. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between sleep, burnout and COVID-19.ResultsAmong 2884 exposed HCWs, there were 568 COVID-19 cases and 2316 controls. After adjusting for confounders, 1-hour longer sleep duration at night was associated with 12% lower odds of COVID-19 (p=0.003). Daytime napping hours was associated with 6% higher odds, but the association varied by countries, with a non-significant inverse association in Spain. Compared with having no sleep problems, having three sleep problems was associated with 88% greater odds of COVID-19. Reporting burnout ‘every day’ was associated with greater odds of COVID-19 (OR: 2.60, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.31, p trend across categories=0.001), longer duration (OR: 2.98, 95% CI 1.10 to 8.05, p trend=0.02) and severity (OR: 3.26, 95% CI 1.25 to 8.48, p trend=0.02) compared with reporting no burnout. These associations remained significant after adjusting for frequency of COVID-19 exposures.ConclusionsIn six countries, longer sleep duration was associated with lower odds of COVID-19, but the association with daytime nap may not be consistent across countries. Greater sleep problems and high level of burnout were robustly associated with greater odds of COVID-19. Sleep and burnout may be risk factors for COVID-19 in high-risk HCWs.

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Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers

Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer ◽

10.31557/apjec.2019.2.1.29-34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

Sima Maree ◽

Esa Mohammadi Zidi ◽

Saeed Yari ◽

Maryam Javadi

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Attention Deficit Disorder ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Chi Square ◽

Sleeping Habits ◽

Children’S Sleep ◽

The Impact

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017. Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001). Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.

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Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers

Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer ◽

10.31557/apjec.2019.2.2.29 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sima Maree ◽

Esa Mohammadi Zidi ◽

Saeed Yari ◽

Maryam Javadi

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Attention Deficit Disorder ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Chi Square ◽

Sleeping Habits ◽

Children’S Sleep ◽

The Impact

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017. Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001). Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.

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176 Linear and Nonlinear Associations Between Sleep and Academic Achievement in Middle Childhood: The Role of Early Life SES

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A71-A72

Author(s):

Gianna Rea-Sandin ◽

Reagan Breitenstein ◽

Leah Doane ◽

Emily Vakulskas ◽

Carlos Valiente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Early Life ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Nonlinear Associations ◽

Linear And Nonlinear ◽

Children’S Sleep

Abstract Introduction Elementary-aged children in low socioeconomic environments are more likely to experience poor sleep, which can negatively impact academic performance. However, it is unknown whether early-life socioeconomic status (SES) influences associations between sleep and academic achievement later in childhood. Using a demographically diverse sample of children followed longitudinally from 1 to 8 years, we tested linear and nonlinear associations between actigraphy-based sleep duration, midpoint time, sleep duration variability, and parent-reported sleep problems with academic achievement. In addition, we examined whether these associations varied by early SES. Methods The sample comprised 707 twins (52% female; Mage=8.44 years; 28.7% Hispanic/Latinx; 29.7% at or below the poverty line). SES was ascertained at 1 and 8 years, and children wore actigraph watches to assess sleep for 7 nights (Mnights=6.79) and completed the Applied Math, Picture Vocabulary, and Passage Comprehension subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement. Primary caregivers also reported on their children’s sleep and academic performance (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire and Health and Behavior Questionnaire, respectively). Results Sleep was not linearly related to academic achievement, but there was a significant quadratic association between sleep midpoint with Picture Vocabulary (b=0.28, p<.01) and Passage Comprehension (b=0.17, p<.05). More parent-reported sleep problems were negatively related to Applied Problems performance for lower (b=-1.16, p<.001) and positively associated for higher early SES (b = 1.00, p < .01). More parent-reported sleep problems predicted lower Passage Comprehension for lower (b = -0.59, p < .05), but not higher early SES. Longer sleep duration predicted higher parent-reported academic achievement for lower early SES (b=0.14, p<.01) and lower achievement for higher early SES (b=-0.23, p<.001). Conclusion Our findings illustrate the complex, sometimes nonlinear associations between children’s sleep and academic performance. Many associations varied by early-life SES, suggesting that early childhood environments have long-lasting implications for child functioning, over and above the effect of concurrent SES. Increasing the quantity and quality of children’s sleep could improve academic outcomes, particularly for children who have experienced socioeconomic disadvantage. Support (if any) This research was supported by grants from NICHD (R01HD079520 and R01HD086085) and ASU T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics.

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Changes in sleep habits between 1985 and 2013 among children and adolescents in Sweden

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494817732269 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 869-877 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Annika Norell-Clarke ◽

Curt Hagquist

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

College Preparatory ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Over Time

Aims: The aim was to investigate changes in child and adolescent sleep habits in Sweden over time. This had not been done previously. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data over three decades of investigations of the Health Behaviours of School Children study (1985/1986, 2005/2006 and 2013/2014) were used. The sample included 18,682 children and adolescents, aged 11, 13 and 15. Empirically based age-specific sleep duration recommendations were used to operationalise sleep duration. Results: The results showed that, over time, fewer go to bed early and more go to bed late. Regarding sleep duration, there have been decreases in the proportion of children and adolescents that sleep as much as is recommended for their age. Sleep onset difficulties have increased for all ages and increase the odds of sleeping less than recommended as well as having late bedtimes. Boys were more likely than girls to have later bedtimes and to sleep less than recommended. A vocational educational track, not planning to study further or being unsure of which track to choose increased the odds for 15 year olds to have late bedtimes and to sleep less than recommended compared with a college preparatory track. Conclusions: The results indicate that over time, fewer children and adolescents attain sufficient sleep duration. This may have implications for study results, mental health and cognitive abilities.

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The Association between Sleep and Injury among School-Aged Children in Iran

Sleep Disorders ◽

10.1155/2013/891090 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Forugh Rafii ◽

Fatemeh Oskouie ◽

Mahnaz Shoghi

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Accidental Injury ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Injury Occurrence ◽

Injury Group ◽

Significant Difference

Background. A good night’s sleep plays a key role in diseases resistance, injury prevention, and mood stability. The objective of this study was to examine relationship between sleep problems and accidental injury occurrences in school-aged children.Method. A retrospective study was conducted for comparing two groups of children. Children who have experienced injuries for at least two times during an academic year are the participants in the injury group (IG) and those who have not experienced any kind of injuries are placed in the noninjury group (NIG). Data was collected through parent-reported sleep patterns and problems using Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ).Findings. The findings showed that global sleep problems were more in the IG than in the NIG. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the daytime sleepiness and sleep duration are the two major reasons for accidental injury. In addition, significant difference was seen between the sleep patterns of the two groups. Sleep duration was also shorter in the IG, and this group had a greater percentage (63% versus 41.1%) of “short sleepers” (<9 h).Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between injury occurrence and sleep problems and sleep duration in Iranian school-aged children.

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Sleep problems and sleep habits in children and adolescents with headaches

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology ◽

10.1016/s1090-3798(08)70225-3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. S66

Author(s):

M. Żarowski ◽

O. Bruni ◽

B. Steinborn

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Sleep Habits

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The Pathways Linking to Sleep Habits among Children and Adolescents: A Complete Survey at Setagaya-ku, Tokyo

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6309

Author(s):

Shingo Noi ◽

Akiko Shikano ◽

Ryo Tanaka ◽

Kosuke Tanabe ◽

Natsuko Enomoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Response Rate ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Japanese Children ◽

Neighborhood Social Capital ◽

The World ◽

Complete Survey

It has been noted that Japanese children sleep the least in the world, and this has become a major social issue. This study examined the pathways linked to sleep habits (SH) among children and adolescents. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in March 2019 on children and their parents at all 63 public elementary and 29 public junior high schools in Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. For the analysis, 22,385 pairs of children–parent responses (valid response rate: 68.8%) with no missing data were used. This survey collected data on SH, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST) for the child, and lifestyle and neighborhood social capital (NSC) for the parents. Moreover, the pathways linking ‘NSC’ → ‘parental lifestyle’ → ‘child’s PA/ST’ →‘child’s SH’ were examined through structural equation modeling. The results indicated that children’s SH were affected by their PA and ST and influenced by the lifestyle of their parents and the NSC that surrounds them. Thus, we concluded that it is necessary to provide direct interventions and take additional measures with regard to parent lifestyle and their NSC to solve persistent sleep problems in children.

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