scholarly journals COVID-19 illness in relation to sleep and burnout

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2021-000228
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Sheila Hegde ◽  
Christine LaFiura ◽  
Madhunika Raghavan ◽  
Eric Luong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daytime Nap

BackgroundSleep habits and burnout have been shown to be associated with increase in infectious diseases, but it is unknown if these factors are associated with risk of COVID-19. We assessed whether sleep and self-reported burnout may be risk factors for COVID-19 among high-risk healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsFrom 17 July to 25 September 2020, a web-based survey was administered to HCWs in six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, USA) with a high frequency of workplace exposure. Participants provided information on demographics, sleep (number of sleep hours at night, daytime napping hours, sleep problems), burnout from work and COVID-19 exposures. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between sleep, burnout and COVID-19.ResultsAmong 2884 exposed HCWs, there were 568 COVID-19 cases and 2316 controls. After adjusting for confounders, 1-hour longer sleep duration at night was associated with 12% lower odds of COVID-19 (p=0.003). Daytime napping hours was associated with 6% higher odds, but the association varied by countries, with a non-significant inverse association in Spain. Compared with having no sleep problems, having three sleep problems was associated with 88% greater odds of COVID-19. Reporting burnout ‘every day’ was associated with greater odds of COVID-19 (OR: 2.60, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.31, p trend across categories=0.001), longer duration (OR: 2.98, 95% CI 1.10 to 8.05, p trend=0.02) and severity (OR: 3.26, 95% CI 1.25 to 8.48, p trend=0.02) compared with reporting no burnout. These associations remained significant after adjusting for frequency of COVID-19 exposures.ConclusionsIn six countries, longer sleep duration was associated with lower odds of COVID-19, but the association with daytime nap may not be consistent across countries. Greater sleep problems and high level of burnout were robustly associated with greater odds of COVID-19. Sleep and burnout may be risk factors for COVID-19 in high-risk HCWs.

Examination of Sleep and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110291
Author(s):  
Puneet Kaur Chehal ◽  
Livvy Shafer ◽  
Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Child Height ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose: This study contributes to the growing literature on the association between sleep and obesity by examining the associations between hours of sleep, consistency of bedtime, and obesity among children in the US. Design: Analysis of a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized children from the 2016-17 National Survey of Children’s Health. Setting: US, national. Subjects: Children ages 10-17 years (n = 34,640) Measures: Parent reported weeknight average hours of sleep and consistency of bedtime. Body mass index classified as underweight, normal, overweight or obesity using parent-reported child height and weight information, classified using CDC BMI-for-Age Growth Charts. Analysis: Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between measures of sleep and body mass index weight category adjusting for individual, household and neighborhood characteristics. Results: An additional hour of sleep was associated with 10.8% lower odds of obesity, net of consistency in bedtime. After controlling for sleep duration, children who usually went to bed at the same time on weeknights had lower odds of obesity (24.8%) relative to children who always went to bed at the same time. Conclusion: Sleep duration is predictive of lower odds of obesity in US children and adolescents. Some variability in weeknight bedtime is associated with lower odds of obesity, though there were no additional benefits to extensive variability in bedtime.

Risk Factors for Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Francesca Galluzzi ◽  
Veronica Rossi ◽  
Cristina Bosetti ◽  
Werner Garavello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Respiratory Allergies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Smell Loss ◽  
Relevant Covariates

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Smell and taste loss are characteristic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted an observational, retrospective study on 376 patients with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the San Gerardo Hospital in Monza, Italy, from March to July 2020. All patients answered a phone questionnaire providing information on age, sex, smoking status, and clinical characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through logistic regression models including relevant covariates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients was 33.5 and 35.6%, respectively. Olfactory dysfunctions were significantly directly associated with current smoking and history of allergy, the multivariable ORs being 6.53 (95% CI 1.16–36.86) for current smokers versus never smokers, and 1.89 (95% CI 1.05–3.39) for those with an allergy compared to those without any allergy. Respiratory allergy in particular was significantly associated with olfactory dysfunctions (multivariable OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.02–5.17). Significant inverse associations were observed for patients aged 60 years or more (multivariable OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19–0.57) and hospitalization (multivariable OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.89). Considering gustatory dysfunctions, after allowance of other variables a significant direct association was found for respiratory allergies (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.03–4.86), and an inverse association was found only for hospitalization (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06–0.76). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study indicates that current smoking and history of allergy (particularly respiratory) significantly increase the risk for smell loss in COVID-19 patients; the latter is also significantly associated to taste loss. Hospitalization has an inverse association with the risk of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, suggesting that these may be symptoms characteristics of less severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Abstract MP08: Higher Diet Quality is Associated with Lower Odds of Inflammation and Peripheral Artery Disease in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiemer Mattei ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
Marc Gellman ◽  
Sheila F Castaneda ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers

Introduction: C-reactive protein (CRP; a marker of inflammation) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI; a marker of peripheral artery disease (PAD)) are considered emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in addition to traditional cardiometabolic markers. Results on the association of a healthy diet and these emerging risk factors have been inconsistent, and few studies have been conducted on Hispanics/Latinos, who present high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that higher diet quality as measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI; range 0-110: lowest to highest quality) would be associated with lower odds of having high-risk levels of CRP and of ABI, independently from cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Baseline data were analyzed from US-Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74y without previously-diagnosed CVD participating in the population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort. There were 14,623 participants with complete CRP data, and 7,892 with ABI data (measured only for those aged ≥45y). Food and nutrients components of AHEI were assessed from two 24-hour recalls. High-risk CRP was defined as >3.0 mg/L, and high-risk ABI was defined as <0.90 or >1.40, with further categorization into PAD (<0.90) and arterial stiffness (>1.40). Results: Nearly 35% of Hispanics/Latinos had high-risk CRP levels and 6.3% had high-risk ABI (4.2% had PAD and 2.1% had arterial stiffness). After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, as well as cardiometabolic risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or dyslipidemia), the odds (95% confidence interval) of having high-risk ABI were 36% (5, 43%) lower for each 10-unit increase in AHEI (p=0.020). The association remained significant for PAD alone, albeit attenuated (p=0.046), but not for arterial stiffness (p=0.210). Each 10-unit increase in AHEI was associated with 21% (10, 31%) lower odds of high-risk CRP(p=0.0003) after similar adjustments. There were no significant interactions between AHEI and sex, background, smoking, or cardiometabolic risk factors for the associations with ABI. The association of AHEI with high-risk CRP was stronger for those with diabetes (0.68 (0.52, 0.89) vs. 0.82 (0.71, 0.94) without diabetes; p-interaction=0.0002) and with obesity (0.70 (0.58, 0.85) vs. 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) without obesity; p-interaction=0.0001). Conclusions: A higher diet quality is associated with lower inflammation and PAD among Hispanics/Latinos, independently from traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. Promoting a healthy overall diet may benefit with further lowering CVD-risk related to emerging factors in a population that already presents high prevalence of cardiometabolic markers.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and sleep problems as risk factors for heart disease: a prospective community study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Deschênes ◽  
R. J. Burns ◽  
E. Graham ◽  
N. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Long Sleep

Abstract Aims The goals of the present study were to examine the associations between depressive symptoms, sleep problems and the risk of developing heart disease in a Canadian community sample. Methods Baseline data were from the CARTaGENE study, a community health survey of adults aged 40–69 years in Quebec, Canada. Incidence of heart disease was examined in N = 33 455 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Incident heart disease was identified using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnostic codes for heart disease. Sleep problems were assessed with diagnostic codes for sleep disorders within the 2 years preceding the baseline assessment. Average sleep duration was assessed by self-report. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Results In total, 2448 (7.3%) participants developed heart disease over an average follow-up period of 4.6 years. Compared to those without depressive symptoms and with no sleep disorders, those with elevated depressive symptoms and a sleep disorder (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.83–3.69), those with depressive symptoms alone (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.25–1.57) and those with sleep disorders alone (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03–1.73) were more likely to develop heart disease. Test of additive interaction suggested a synergistic interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (synergy index = 2.17 [95% CI 1.01–4.64]). When sleep duration was considered, those with long sleep duration and elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to develop heart disease than those with long sleep alone (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.37–2.28; and HR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99–1.36, respectively). Conclusions Depression and diagnosed sleep disorders or long sleep duration are independent risk factors for heart disease and are associated with a stronger risk of heart disease when occurring together.

Abstract 18572: Sleep Duration is Associated with Degree of Insulin Resistance in a High Risk Population: the Baptist Employee Healthy Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozab S Ali ◽  
Ebenezer Oni ◽  
Ehimen C Aneni ◽  
Lara Roberson ◽  
Janisse Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome, the clustering of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, is established as a risk factor for CVD. Shorter or longer sleep duration has been reported to be associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) through increased insulin resistance (IR). However, it is not known if impaired sleep alters IR in a high-risk population with known MS/DM. Methods: The Baptist Employee Healthy Heart Study is an ongoing lifestyle intervention study examining the effects of web-based interventions on reducing CVD risk in individuals with MS/DM. Sleep duration was self reported by the participants. Daily sleep duration was categorized into sleep <7 hours (short), 7 to 8 hours (normal) and >8 hours (long). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting insulin and fasting glucose level. Results: The population consisted of 182 participants (74% women, 49% Hispanic, mean age 52 ± 9 years). In this study the mean sleep duration was 7±5 hours and mean HOMA-IR was 5.2 ± 5.6 units. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol level did not apparently differ across the groups. Both short and long sleepers tended to have lower HDL cholesterol level and higher triglyceride level (p<0.05). The mean HOMA-IR was significantly higher in short and long sleepers {7-8hrs (4.09±4.8); <7hrs (5.36±4.7); >8hrs (9.52±10.7), p<0.001}, and were more likely to have HOMA-IR in the highest quartile as compared to normal sleepers. In ordinal logistic regression, after adjustment for traditional risk factors, short and long sleepers were at 2-3 fold higher risk of increasing levels of HOMA-IR. Conclusions: In this study of high metabolic risk individuals, sleep duration was associated with increased insulin resistance and highlights the importance of improving sleep hygiene in the clinical management of high risk individuals with MS and DM.

626 Association between Co-Sleep and Behavioral Problems among Preschoolers in Taiwan

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A245-A246
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Wu ◽  
Ya-Chuan Huang ◽  
Yung-Sen Chang ◽  
Chien-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Bed Sharing ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Abstract Introduction ‘Co-sleep’ is defined as the sleep arrangements in which parents and their child sharing a sleeping surface (bed-sharing or room-sharing). Similar to the other Asian countries, Taiwan has a high reported rates of bed-sharing. Previous researches had shown shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality in children with co-sleep. However, the association between co-sleep and the children’s emotional and behavioral problems has not been well studied. This study aims to explore the association between sleeping arrangements and children’s sleep, as well as their daytime emotional and behavioral problems. Methods 9,582 caregivers of preschoolers (age= 4.70±0.806; Male: Female=52%:48%) completed a questionnaire regarding their children’s sleep schedule, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Strength and Difficulties Questions (SDQ). The reported frequency on the items of the CHSQ question regarding co-sleep, asking whether the child falls asleep in parent’s or sibling’ s bed or sleep alone, were used to divide the children into three groups: usually co-sleep group, sometimes co-sleep group and sleep-alone group. Results Among 2,967 preschoolers, 6,272 children (65.5%) reported usually co-sleep, 816 children (8.5%) reported sometimes co-sleep, and 2,494 children (26%) reported sleeping alone. One-way ANOVAs showed significant differences among three groups in: 1) sleep patterns, including weekday nighttime sleep duration (F=24.43, p&lt;.01), weekend nighttime sleep duration (F=3.13, p&lt;.05), weekday nap duration (F=4.24, p&lt;.05), and weekend nap time (F=4.39, p&lt;.05); 2) sleep problems on the CHSQ, including bed time resistance (F=7027.25, p&lt;.01), sleep onset delay (F=33.06, p&lt;.01), sleep duration (F=65.51, p&lt;.01), sleep anxiety (F=788.48, p&lt;.01), night waking (F=37.90, p&lt;.01), parasomnias (F=47.43, p&lt;.01), sleep disorder breathing (F=7.58, p&lt;.01), and sleepiness (F=13.44, p&lt;.01); 3) behavioral problems and development on the SDQ, including hyperactivity (F=21.16, p&lt;.01), emotional symptom (F=23.08, p&lt;.01), conduct problem (F=8.65, p&lt;.01), peer problems (F=20.59, p&lt;.01), and prosocial (F=17.67, p&lt;.01). Conclusion Our results indicate that children with more frequent co-sleep may have shorter sleep duration, more sleep problems as well as more external and internal behavioral problems, while sleep-alone children showed more prosocial behaviors, longer sleep duration, and less sleep problems. The potential developmental problems related to co-sleep may be underestimated in Asian culture and need more attentions. Support (if any):

Pacifiers and Exclusive Breastfeeding: Does Risk for Postpartum Depression Modify the Association?

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Sipsma ◽  
Katelin Kornfeind ◽  
Laura R. Kair
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
To Receive

Background: Postpartum depression is associated with lower rates of breastfeeding. Evidence describing the effect of pacifiers on breastfeeding is inconsistent, and previous research suggests that pacifiers may help vulnerable mothers breastfeed. Research aim: This study aimed to determine (a) how receiving a pacifier in the hospital affects exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 1 week and 3 months postpartum and (b) whether this association is modified by risk for postpartum depression (PPD). Methods: Data were derived from Listening to Mothers III. We included participants ( n = 1,349) who intended to breastfeed and delivered at term. Mothers were considered at high risk for PPD if they reported feeling the need to receive treatment for depression during pregnancy. We used weighted multivariable logistic regression models to adjust for covariates. Results: Receiving a pacifier in the hospital was not significantly associated with EBF at 1 week (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.62, 1.12]) but was significantly associated with lower odds of EBF at 3 months postpartum ( OR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.54, 0.95]). Risk for PPD modified this association. Among mothers at high risk for PPD, receiving a pacifier was significantly associated with increased odds of EBF ( OR = 3.31, 95% CI [1.23, 8.97] at 1 week and OR = 5.27, 95% CI [1.97, 14.12] at 3 months); however, among mothers who were at lower risk for PPD, receiving a pacifier was associated with decreased odds of EBF ( OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.56, 1.02] at 1 week and OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.46, 0.82] at 3 months). Conclusion: Pacifiers may help protect against early cessation of EBF among mothers at high risk for depression. Additional research is needed to better understand this association.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the serological prevalence of Salmonella enterica in Greek finishing swineherds

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. LEONTIDES ◽  
E. GRAFANAKIS ◽  
C. GENIGEORGIS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Procaine Penicillin

Blood samples were taken from 50 finishing pigs at 90–105 kg in each of 59 randomly selected farrow-to-finish herds. The sera were tested for antibodies to Salmonella enterica by the Danish mix-ELISA. Samples with an optical density of >10% were considered to be positive. Associations between the odds of seropositivity of pigs and possible risk factors were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models. The results of the analysis indicated that pigs fed non-pelleted dry or wet ration had 11 (P=0·0004) or 9 (P=0·02) times, respectively, lower odds of seropositivity than those fed pelleted ration. The risk of seropositivity was 4 (P=0·0006) times higher in pigs fed a combination of chlortetracycline, procaine penicillin and sulphamethazine during fattening than in those fed an approved growth promotor or a probiotic.

scholarly journals Difficulties in Getting to Sleep and their Association with Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Adolescents: Does the Sleeping Duration Influence this Association?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kosticova ◽  
Daniela Husarova ◽  
Zuzana Dankulincova
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
And Gender

Sleep problems are common in adolescence with a negative impact on the mental health and functioning of adolescents. However, the roles of different sleep problems in relation to emotional and behavioural problems (EBPs), classified according to the 10th version of the International Classification of Diseases as emotional, conduct, hyperactivity and social functioning disorders, are not clear. The first aim of the study was to investigate the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs in adolescents. The second aim was to explore the role of sleep duration in this association. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia. Presented are results for specific age groups of 13-year-old (N = 1909) and 15-year-old (N = 1293) adolescents. Subjective measures of sleep variables were used. Binary logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender were used to assess associations between difficulties in getting to sleep, sleep duration and EBPs measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Modification of the association between difficulties in getting to sleep and EBPs by sleep duration was also explored. We found that difficulties in getting to sleep at least once a week as well as insufficient sleep (less than 8 h) increased the probability of EBPs. Interactions of sleep duration with difficulties in getting to sleep on EBPs were found to be non-significant. The results suggest that caregivers and clinicians should screen and intervene for both sleep quality and quantity problems in adolescents as they might indicate and promote EBPs.

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