scholarly journals The (un)compromise effect: How suggested alternatives can promote active choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 101639
Author(s):  
Mathias Ekström
Keyword(s):  
Compromise Effect ◽  
Active Choice

THE ALLIED NEUTRAL? PORTUGUESE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS WITH THE UK AND GERMANY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1939-1945

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-110
Author(s):  
Eric Golson
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Third Party ◽  
World War ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
Active Choice ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTIn September 1939, Portugal made a realist strategic choice to preserve the Portuguese Empire maintaining by its neutrality and also remaining an ally of Great Britain. While the Portuguese could rely largely on their colonies for raw materials to sustain the mainland, the country had long depended on British transportation for these goods and the Portuguese military. With the British priority now given to war transportation, Portugal's economy and Empire were particularly vulnerable. The Portuguese dictator Antonio Salazar sought to mitigate this damage by maintaining particularly friendly financial relations with the British government, including increased exports of Portuguese merchandise and services and permission to accumulate credits in Sterling to cover deficits in the balance of payments. This paper gives an improved set of comprehensive statistics for the Anglo-Portuguese and German–Portuguese relationships, reported in Pounds and according to international standards. The reported statistics include the trade in merchandise, services, capital flows, loans and third-party transfers of funds in favour of the British account. When compared with the German statistics, the Anglo-Portuguese figures show the Portuguese government favoured the British in financial relations, an active choice by Salazar to maintain the Portuguese Empire.

scholarly journals What are the Odds? The Neural Correlates of Active Choice during Gambling

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Studer ◽  
Annemieke M. Apergis-Schoute ◽  
Trevor W. Robbins ◽  
Luke Clark
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Active Choice

Testing the Role of Contextual Deliberation in the Compromise Effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Compromise Effect ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Task Order ◽  
Preference Construction ◽  
Endogenous Information ◽  
Classical Economic

Many phenomena of preference construction demonstrate a violation of the rationality premise in classical economic theories. One of the most well-known examples of preference construction is the compromise effect. This puzzling anomaly can be rationalized by contextual deliberation (i.e., endogenous information retrieval/acquisition that can partially resolve utility uncertainty before choice). In this research, we investigate the empirical validity of this explanation by performing falsification tests for its necessary predictions and identifying it from other potential accounts. We conduct five experiments with more than 1,000 participants and show that the compromise effect can be positively mediated by response time and cannot be eliminated by context information, but it can be moderated by manipulating the level of deliberation (i.e., time constraint, preference articulation, task order). These findings are consistent with the predictions of the theory of contextual deliberation. We also show that, on average, contextual deliberation (as proxied by response time) can uniquely account for about half of the total compromise effect. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis

scholarly journals Controlling for the Compromise Effect Debiases Estimates of Risk Preference Parameters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Beauchamp ◽  
Daniel J. Benjamin ◽  
David Laibson ◽  
Christopher F. Chabris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Preference ◽  
Compromise Effect

scholarly journals Price Range Effect on Extremeness Aversion and Compromise Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsun Wu ◽  
Mei-Ching Huang ◽  
Yi-Shu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compromise Effect ◽  
Range Effect ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Extremeness Aversion

scholarly journals Choosing school underachievement as a way to resist power

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dzinovic ◽  
Jelena Pavlovic ◽  
Dusan Stojnov
Keyword(s):  
School Success ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Good Education ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
Active Choice ◽  
Education School ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Resistance To Power ◽  
The Individual

Underachievement in school is seen as a failure in traditional theories of education. An alternative construction of school underachievement, from the point of view of Michel Foucault? s approach to power and George Kelly's principle of elaborative choice, is offered as the subject matter of this paper. Instead of being construed exclusively as a measure of good education school success can be seen as the effect of normalization based on the power of discourses dominating in a society. In the same time, underachievement can be seen as a form of resistance to dominant discourse, as well as a way of defining identity in accordance with marginalized discourses whose significance is not recognized or respected from the point of school authorities. The prevailing tradition of European rationality treats poor achievement as a case of norm deviation. The individual perspectives are discounted as irrational and disordered behavior, requiring treatment. Kelly however, asserts that claims of irrationality reflect poor understanding of individual perspectives. When individuals resist the dominant discourse and underachieve despite their abilities, they are making an active choice which should be understood from their point of view. The choice someone makes is always an elaborative choice. Thus underachievement may be construed as resistance to power, based on the principle of elaborative choice.

scholarly journals COMPROMISE EFFECT ON CONSUMERS’ BEHAVIOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Markus Surkamta Eric Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Compromise Effect ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
The People

The way consumers think about the products they will buy determines their buying behavior. The decision to buy a particular product is obviously in accordance with the buyer’s attitude. The buyers will also feel more comfortable if their behavior meets with the approval and expectations of the people close to them. While the development of a certain attitude has no effect on subjective judgment, the effect of compromise is likely to make a contribution to its development. Since it is still unclear, this study’s main purposed is to clarify this. In addition, while an attitude is theorized as being a predictor of behavior, through behavioral intention, the study’s secondary purpose is to boost the earlier findings. Likewise, in accordance with the theory of planned behavior, the study will also examine the other predictors of behavioral intention, in relation to the behavioral intention itself. A sample consisting of a 100 respondents was compiled by using the convenience and judgment technique. The data were analyzed using Amos 16.0 and SPSS 16.0. As expected, the compromise effect had a significant influence on whether the customers’ attitude or the subjective norm was the main determinant. Likewise, the customers’ attitude, the subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were confirmed as good predictors of customers’ behavioral intentions.

Do children understand desires before they understand beliefs? A comparison of 3-year-olds’ grasp of incompatible desires, competitive games and false beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Proft ◽  
Cornelia Hoss ◽  
Katharina Manfredini Paredes ◽  
hannes rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
False Belief ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Active Choice ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Competitive Games ◽  
Cognitive Attitudes

A long-standing dispute in theory of mind research concerns the development of understanding different kinds of propositional attitudes. The asymmetry view suggests that children understand conative attitudes (e.g., desires) before they understand cognitive attitudes (e.g., beliefs). The symmetry view suggests that notions of cognitive and conative attitudes develop simultaneously. Relevant studies to date have produced inconsistent results, yet with different methods and dependent measures. To test between the two accounts more systematically, we thus combined different forms of desire tasks (incompatible desires and competition) with different forms of measurement (verbal ascription and active choice) in a single design. Additionally, children’s performance in the desire tasks was compared to their false-belief understanding. Results revealed that 3-year-olds were better at ascribing desires than at ascribing beliefs for both desire tasks whereas they had difficulties actively choosing the more desired option in the competition task. The present findings thus favor the asymmetry theory.

Other Techniques Related to Habitat Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Veech
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Habitat Suitability Modeling ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
Active Choice

Habitat analysis is strictly defined as a statistical examination to identify the environmental variables that a species associates with, wherein association is taken as some form of correspondence between a species response variable (e.g., presence–absence or abundance) and the environmental variables. There are other statistical techniques and empirical goals that extend this basic framework. These techniques often rely on a habitat analysis having been conducted as an initial step. Resource selection functions quantify an individual’s and a species’ use of a resource based upon the properties of the resource. Resource is broadly defined and can include particular types of habitat. Selectivity and preference indices are used to assess an individual’s preference and active choice of different resource types. Compositional data analysis is a statistical method for examining the composition of an individual’s territory or home range with regard to different habitat types that may be represented. Habitat suitability modeling and species distribution modeling are closely related techniques designed to map the spatial distribution of a species’ habitat and sometimes the species itself based upon its habitat requirements and other factors.

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