Political and welfare state determinants of infant and child health indicators: An analysis of wealthy countries

The eloquent statement on the status of Negro medical care and education in the United States by the eminent anatomist, Dr. W. Montague Cobb (Brown America's Medical Diaspora: A Paradox of Democracy, in The Pediatrician and The Public, Pediatrics 3:854, 1949) requires the attention of all physicians interested in the distribution of medical care. Although pediatricians cannot begin to assume responsibility for this entire problem, it is possible to demonstrate leadership in the same manner in which the Academy study of infant and child health services provided leadership to the profession and the public. We refer specifically to an extension of training facilities in pediatrics for Negro physicians. Certainly 15 certified Negro pediatricians in a country with 14,000,000 Negro people represents a serious discrepancy in the distribution of training facilities. Admittedly most of the problem has its origin in the distribution of training facilities for undergraduate students and the basic problems responsible for this situation. However, we have observed—as has Dr. Cobb—that many Negro physicians desiring training in pediatrics (as well as other specialties) are discouraged from applying for training because of what seems to be a dearth of positions open to them. It has been our impression, however, that many centers would consider Negroes for training appointments if qualified applicants applied. Would it not be advisable, therefore, for the American Board of Pediatrics to circularize the approved training centers in pediatrics in order to establish a roster of those centers which would consider Negro applicants for training positions?

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Infant and Child Health

Integrating Therapeutic and Complementary Nutrition ◽

10.1201/9781420003413.ch4 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Lisbeth Benoit

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Infant And Child Health ◽

And Child Health

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Prenatal Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Subsequent Infant and Child Health Effects

Food Safety ◽

10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2015011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 70-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tamie Nakajima ◽

Yumi Hayashi ◽

Yuki Ito

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Health Effects ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Infant And Child Health ◽

Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽

And Child Health

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The Maternal and Child Health Handbook for Improving the Continuum of Care and Other Maternal and Child Health Indicators in Angola: An Implementation Study Protocol

Frontiers in Global Women's Health ◽

10.3389/fgwh.2021.638766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Ai Aoki ◽

Keiji Mochida ◽

Michiru Kuramata ◽

Toru Sadamori ◽

Helga Reis Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Maternal And Child Health ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Continuum Of Care ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Implementation Status ◽

And Child Health

Background: Reducing maternal, neonatal, and infant mortality tops the health targets of sustainable development goals. Many lifesaving interventions are being introduced in antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care. However, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not reached maternal and child health targets. The Maternal and Child Health Handbook (MCH-HB) is recommended as a home-based record to promote a continuum of care from pregnancy to early childhood, and is gaining increasing attention among LMICs. Several countries have adopted it as national health policy. To effectively utilize the MCH-HB in LMICs, implementation needs to be considered. Angola is an LIMC in Sub-Saharan Africa, where maternal and child health indicators are among the poorest. The Angolan Ministry of Health adopted the MCH-HB program in its national health policy and is currently conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial (MCH-HB RCT) to evaluate its impact on the continuum of care. This study aimed to evaluate implementation status, and barriers and facilitators of MCH-HB program implementation in Angola.Methods: To evaluate implementation status comprehensively, the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework will be used. Four components other than effectiveness will be investigated. A cross-sectional survey will be conducted targeting all health facilities and officers in charge of the MCH-HB at the municipality health office in the intervention group after the MCH-HB RCT. Data from the cross-sectional survey, secondary MCH-HB RCT data, and operational MCH-HB RCT records will be analyzed. Health facilities will be classified into good-implementation and poor-implementation groups using RE-AIM indicators. To identify barriers to and facilitators of MCH-HB implementation, semi-structured interviews/focus group discussions will be conducted among health workers at a sub-sample of health facilities and all municipality health officers in charge of MCH-HB in the intervention group. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will be adopted to develop interview items. Thematic analysis will be performed. By comparing good-implementation and poor-implementation health facilities, factors that differ between groups that contribute to successful implementation can be identified.Discussion: This study's findings are expected to inform MCH-HB implementation policy and guidelines in Angola and in other countries that plan to adopt the MCH-HB program.

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