Legume seed inoculation technology?a review

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R DEAKER
Keyword(s):  
Legume Seed ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Inoculation Technology

Studies on seed pelleting as an aid to legume seed inoculation. 4. Examination of preinoculated seed

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
DF Herridge ◽  
RJ Roughley ◽  
JA Thompson ◽  
RR Gault
Keyword(s):  
Legume Seed ◽  
Percentage Recovery ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Service

Samples of preinoculated legume seed were obtained from commercial outlets in southeastern Australia and compared with seed inoculated in the laboratory at currently recommended rates for the numbers of rhizobia associated with the seed and performance when grown in the field and in soil in a glasshouse. There were more than 100 times as many rhizobia on laboratory-inoculated seed as on preinoculated seed. There were no detectable rhizobia on three of the 48 samples of preinoculated seed examined, 22 other samples carried very low numbers, and all but one fell below standards derived from Australian lnoculant Research and Control Service requirements. When grown in soil containing naturally-occurring or added rhizobia, laboratory-inoculated seed was generally superior to preinoculated seed in percentage recovery of inoculant strains from nodules. The differences became greater as the size of soil populations of rhizobia increased. Where naturally-occurring rhizobia were few in number or absent nodulation was satisfactory provided that the seed carried viable rhizobia at time of sowing. The numbers of rhizobia associated with laboratory preparations of inoculated seed represented the potential standards that should be the commercial objective. The consistently lower numbers on preinoculated seed indicated that some stage (or stages) of the preinoculation process itself has a letha effect on the inoculant.

Studies on seed pelleting as an aid to legume seed inoculation. 3. Survival of Rhizobium applied to seed sown into hot, dry soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
LJ Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
High Degree

Seed of four legume species with various forms of lime pelleting and inoculation was sown into hot, dry soil at Katherine, Northern Territory, where it lay dormant for 7-9 weeks before germination commenced. Seedling nodulation was used as the index of inoculant survival. Where the seed was sown at a shallow depth, Rhizobium survival was poorer than on seed sown more deeply; this was attributed to the higher temperatures near the soil surface. Rhizobia survived best in those treatments in which peat inoculant was incorporated within the pellet. Rhizobium meliloti applied to Medicago sativa seed showed a high degree of tolerance of the conditions and seedling nodulation exceeded 90 per cent in several instances. Nodulation of Trifolium pratense and T. rueppellianum never exceeded 50 per cent and little nodulation occurred with Lotus pedunculatus. It is concluded that lime-pelleted Medicago seed with peat inoculant incorporated within the pellet can be sown into hot, dry soil with a strong expectation that the inoculant will survive and the seedlings nodulate.

Studies on seed pelleting as an aid to legume seed inoculation. 2. Survival of Rhizobium meliloti applied to medic seed sown into dry soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
New South ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Medicago Littoralis ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Western Division

Seed of Medicago truncatula and Medicago littoralis, with and without lime pelleting and inoculation, was sown dry into medic-free, Rhizobim meliloti-free soils at 12 sites in the Western Division of New South Wales. At the different sites, periods between 1 and 88 days elapsed before germinating rain fell. Seedling nodulation was used as the index of inoculant survival. Nodulation was variable, but the variation was independent of the time between sowing and germination. Best nodulation occurred in treatments in which peat inoculant was incorporated within a lime pellet around the seed. These treatments were superior to others where broth inoculant was incorporated in the pellet or where peat inoculant was applied externally to pelleted or unpelleted seed. Nodulation was improved by incorporating an increased level of peat inoculant in the pellet. In storage, a very low survival rate was recorded in all treatments except those incorporating peat inoculant within the pellet. The results are discussed in relation to the practicalities of pre-inoculation techniques and of sowing inoculated medic seed into dry seed beds.

Studies on seed pelleting as an aid to legume seed inoculation. I. Coating materials, adhesives, and methods of inoculation

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Clover Seed

The influence of seed-pelleting techniques on the inoculation and nodulation of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was studied in the laboratory and in the field on podzolic soil where clover nodulation following conventional seed inoculation practices was often unsatisfactory. Seed pellets were prepared with the use of 10 different coating materials, three adhesives, and two methods of inoculation. These were sown immediately after preparation or stored for short periods before sowing, and were examined in terms of inoculant survival, nodulation, and plant growth. It was shown that subterranean clover seed pelleted with a lime, blood plus dolomite, or lime plus blood plus dolomite coating attached to the seed with a 45% solution of gum arabic and inoculated by incorporating a commercial peat inoculant within the pellet can be stored for up to 4 weeks before sowing and the viability of the inoculant retained. This is reflected in improved nodulation and in growth of the seedling subsequently produced. Ecological considerations in respect of the establishment of the inoculum in the soil are discussed.

An appraisal of practical alternatives to legume seed inoculation: field experiments on seed bed inoculation with solid and liquid inoculants

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
RR Gault ◽  
DL Chase ◽  
FW Hely ◽  
M Zorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Solid Form

Sixteen field experiments were conducted to assess whether inoculant applied as a liquid or in solid form separately from the seed but into the seed bed could be used as a substitute for conventional methods of legume seed inoculation. The experiments were done over a period of 8 years, on several soil types, with both crop and pasture legumes. Criteria used to measure response included success of the applied strain of rhizobia in forming nodules, quality of nodulation, seedling establishment, foliage dry matter production, and seed yield. Under favourable conditions for sowing, solid and liquid inoculants were generally as good as seed inoculation at similar total rates of application in promoting root nodulation and plant growth. However, when conditions were unfavourable for survival of rhizobia, e.g. when seed was dusted with toxic fungicide or when germination was delayed owing to environmental circumstances, solid or liquid inoculant gave better nodulation and very often better plant growth and seed yield than seed inoculation. The implications of these findings on alternatives to conventional seed inoculation and how they might be applied to agricultural practice are discussed.

Prevalence of the pit and antipit in the genus Glycine

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 986-987
Author(s):  
R. W. Yaklich ◽  
E. L. Vigil ◽  
W. P. Wergin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Cone Cells ◽  
Glycine Max L

The legume seed coat is the site of sucrose unloading and the metabolism of imported ureides and synthesis of amino acids for the developing embryo. The cell types directly responsible for these functions in the seed coat are not known. We recently described a convex layer of tissue on the inside surface of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed coat that was termed “antipit” because it was in direct opposition to the concave pit on the abaxial surface of the cotyledon. Cone cells of the antipit contained numerous hypertrophied Golgi apparatus and laminated rough endoplasmic reticulum common to actively secreting cells. The initial report by Dzikowski (1936) described the morphology of the pit and antipit in G. max and found these structures in only 68 of the 169 seed accessions examined.

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