Comprehensive feasibility assessment of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) on building surfaces in high-density urban environments

Solar Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 734-746
Author(s):  
Huixuan Sun ◽  
Chye Kiang Heng ◽  
Stephen En Rong Tay ◽  
Tianyi Chen ◽  
Thomas Reindl
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environments ◽  
High Density ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Building Surfaces

Improving the Accuracy of Ray Tracing Estimation Considering Inhomogeneous Building Surfaces in Urban Environments

2008 ◽  
Vol E91-B (12) ◽  
pp. 4067-4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-W. LIM ◽  
I.-S. KOH ◽  
Y.-H. PARK ◽  
H.-W. MOON ◽  
H.-S. JO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Building Surfaces

scholarly journals ClusterMap Building and Relocalization in Urban Environments for Unmanned Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichen Pan ◽  
Haoyao Chen ◽  
Silin Li ◽  
Yunhui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
High Density ◽  
Map Building ◽  
Mobile Vehicle ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Laser Range Finders

Map building and map-based relocalization techniques are important for unmanned vehicles operating in urban environments. The existing approaches require expensive high-density laser range finders and suffer from relocalization problems in long-term applications. This study proposes a novel map format called the ClusterMap, on the basis of which an approach to achieving relocalization is developed. The ClusterMap is generated by segmenting the perceived point clouds into different point clusters and filtering out clusters belonging to dynamic objects. A location descriptor associated with each cluster is designed for differentiation. The relocalization in the global map is achieved by matching cluster descriptors between local and global maps. The solution does not require high-density point clouds and high-precision segmentation algorithms. In addition, it prevents the effects of environmental changes on illumination intensity, object appearance, and observation direction. A consistent ClusterMap without any scale problem is built by utilizing a 3D visual–LIDAR simultaneous localization and mapping solution by fusing LIDAR and visual information. Experiments on the KITTI dataset and our mobile vehicle illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals 3D-MODELING OF VEGETATION FROM LIDAR POINT CLOUDS AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS IMPACT ON FAÇADE SOLAR IRRADIATION

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W2 ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Peronato ◽  
E. Rey ◽  
M. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Building Surfaces ◽  
3D Surfaces

The presence of vegetation can significantly affect the solar irradiation received on building surfaces. Due to the complex shape and seasonal variability of vegetation geometry, this topic has gained much attention from researchers. However, existing methods are limited to rooftops as they are based on 2.5D geometry and use simplified radiation algorithms based on view-sheds. This work contributes to overcoming some of these limitations, providing support for 3D geometry to include facades. Thanks to the use of ray-tracing-based simulations and detailed characterization of the 3D surfaces, we can also account for inter-reflections, which might have a significant impact on façade irradiation. <br><br> In order to construct confidence intervals on our results, we modeled vegetation from LiDAR point clouds as 3D convex hulls, which provide the biggest volume and hence the most conservative obstruction scenario. The limits of the confidence intervals were characterized with some extreme scenarios (e.g. opaque trees and absence of trees). <br><br> Results show that uncertainty can vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the urban area and the granularity of the analysis (sensor, building and group of buildings). We argue that this method can give us a better understanding of the uncertainties due to vegetation in the assessment of solar irradiation in urban environments, and therefore, the potential for the installation of solar energy systems.

Interactions Between Building Integrated Photovoltaics and Microclimate in Urban Environments

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Wang ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Jianbo Ren ◽  
Yonghui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Urban Microclimate ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics

BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) has progressed in the past years and become an element to be considered in city planning. BIPV has influence on microclimate in urban environments and the performance of BIPV is also affected by urban climate. The effect of BIPV on urban microclimate can be summarized under the following four aspects. The change of absorptivity and emissivity from original building surface to PV will change urban radiation balance. After installation of PV, building cooling load will be reduced because of PV shading effect, so urban anthropogenic heat also decreases to some extent. Because PV can reduce carbon dioxide emissions which is one of the reasons for urban heat island, BIPV is useful to mitigate this phenomena. The anthropogenic heat will alter after using BIPV, because partial replacement of fossil fuel means to change sensible heat from fossil fuel to solar energy. Different urban microclimate may have various effects on BIPV performance that can be analyzed from two perspectives. Firstly, BIPV performance may decline with the increase of air temperature in densely built areas because many factors in urban areas cause higher temperature than that of the surrounding countryside. Secondly, the change of solar irradiance at the ground level under urban air pollution will lead to the variation of BIPV performance because total solar irradiance usually is reduced and each solar cell has a different spectral response characteristic. The thermal model and performance model of ventilated BIPV according to actual meteorologic data in Tianjin (China) are combined to predict PV temperature and power output in the city of Tianjin. Then, using dynamic building energy model, cooling load is calculated after BIPV installation. The calculation made based in Tianjin shows that it is necessary to pay attention to and further analyze interactions between them to decrease urban pollution, improve BIPV performance and reduce cooling load.

scholarly journals Vegetation distribution analysis of green open space in Binjai Timur, North Sumatera Province using normalized difference vegetation index

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
A Zaitunah ◽  
Samsuri ◽  
N Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
High Density ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Density Class ◽  
The North

Abstract As the city grows, more and more vegetated land is converted to non-vegetated land. This also occurred at Binjai, a city in the North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to examine the urban vegetation cover and its changes between 2015 and 2019. The research was carried out in Binjai Timur, which is one of Binjai’s sub-districts. The distribution of vegetation density was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value classification. The decrease in the dense class to 10.08 percent was the most significant change in vegetation density class between 2015 and 2019. This was followed by an 8.87 percent increase in the high-density class. This indicates that there is an area with vegetation density increased from lower density to high density. The district has green open spaces in the form of a neighborhood park, cemetery, sub-district park, greenbelt along the road and river, and house yards, according to the field check. These green open spaces were located in low and medium-density areas. The findings suggest that planting trees in those locations and arrangement of vegetation within parks could improve its quality and function. For good quality of urban environments, it is optimizing the use of house yards as vegetated land and boosting green open space quality is required.

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