Motor vehicles overtaking cyclists on two-lane rural roads: Analysis on speed and lateral clearance

In Spain, the presence of cyclists’ groups riding on two-lane rural roads in a single file or in parallel line is growing. The number of overtaking maneuvers to them is also increasing. This is one of the most dangerous interactions between motor vehicles and bicycles. However, the risk of these maneuvers has not been analyzed in depth. This research analyzes the objective and subjective risk of overtaking maneuvers to cyclists’ groups. During this maneuver, the motorized vehicle overtakes the bicycles with a certain speed and lateral distance. These are the surrogate measures used to analyze the objective risk, whereas the subjective risk was analyzed based on the subjective risk perception that 10 cyclists riding instrumented bicycles (in different group configurations) indicated when every motor vehicle overtook them. Results show that the cyclists most exposed to the overtaking maneuver are those at the front and at the rear of the group. In relation to the configuration, the risk is higher in parallel lines, as the lateral clearance is lower compared with a single line. It is even higher when the overtaking maneuver is flying, which is usually performed at higher speeds and lower lateral clearance. The subjective risk perception increases with higher speed and lower lateral clearance, and is higher at the rear positions. Overtaking in which lateral distance is less than 1.5 m is perceived as the riskiest. These results provide scientific recommendations to enhance safety for cyclists’ groups, and to integrate cycling with vehicular traffic on two-lane rural roads.

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Driver Behavior When Overtaking Cyclists Riding in Different Group Configurations on Two-Lane Rural Roads

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12797

Author(s):

Ana María Pérez-Zuriaga ◽

Sara Moll ◽

Griselda López ◽

Alfredo García

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Safety Concern ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Driver Behaviour ◽

Rural Roads ◽

Traffic Characteristics ◽

Rural Environments ◽

Lateral Clearance ◽

High Level ◽

Group Configuration

The presence of cyclists on Spanish rural roads is ever increasing and currently frequent, and thus becoming a serious safety concern. In rural environments, the risk of a crash is higher than in rural areas. The main cause is the higher speed of motor vehicles during overtaking manoeuvres. This manoeuvre is especially challenging when cyclists ride in groups as they may change size, length, shape, and speed along their route. These variables and those related to road cross-section can influence driver behaviour when overtaking a group of cyclists. To study this, instrumented bicycles were used to ride along five road segments with different geometric and traffic characteristics. Cyclists rode individually and in groups. Overtaking was evaluated by analysing the lateral distance, the speed, and other characteristics of the manoeuvre. Wider roads presented higher lateral clearances and overtaking speeds. Narrower roads had a high opposing lane invasion but a high level of compliance with the minimum lateral clearance. A higher clearance and lower speed of overtaking vehicles was registered when cyclists rode in line. Compliance with the 1.5 m clearance depended on the group configuration, being higher when cyclists rode in line. However, overtaking cyclists riding two abreast presented more accelerative manoeuvres, especially on narrow roads.

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Curb Parking Supply Scale with Conditions of Dynamic Traffic

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4876 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71-78 ◽

pp. 4876-4882

Author(s):

Chao Qun Ma ◽

Yu Ping Wang ◽

Gang Wei

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Key Factors ◽

Parking Lots ◽

Influencing Mechanism ◽

Traffic Capacity ◽

Driving Speed ◽

Resistance Function ◽

Lateral Clearance ◽

Service Standards

Starting with the two key factors of road breadth and the distance to intersections, the present paper analyzed the constraints of road conditions on setting curb parking lots and, by analyzing the influencing mechanism of curb parking on traffic capacity, constructed the compensation model of traffic capacity for motor vehicles on the parking road sections. Then, the paper went on to set the values of compensation coefficients for road breadth, vehicles in parking in and driving out, non-motor vehicles, and lateral clearance, so as to calculate, with the precondition of guaranteeing certain service standards, the maximal values of curb parking lots on road sections under the constraints of traffic capacity. In addition, it also constructed the driving speed model according to BRP resistance function and, via the analysis of “Friction” effect and “Blocking” effect of curb parking on traffic flows of motor vehicle lanes, measured the influence of curb parking on driving speed in order to exactly determine of maximal parking value under the condition that the minimal driving speed of motor vehicles can be ensured. Finally, for the purpose of finding the balance between dynamic and static traffic and of maximally utilizing the remaining road resources, the maximal number of curb parking lots shall be the minimal value to satisfy the constraints of road conditions, traffic capacity and driving speed.

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Influence of peloton configuration on the interaction between sport cyclists and motor vehicles on two-lane rural roads

Journal of Transportation Safety & Security ◽

10.1080/19439962.2019.1591557 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 136-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alfredo Garcia ◽

Carlos Llorca ◽

Jorge Serra-Planelles

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicles ◽

Rural Roads

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Identification of road parameters affecting the sectional speed of motor vehicles on rural roads

Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny ◽

10.35117/a_eng_18_11_01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (11) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Robert Ziółkowski

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Automatic Recognition ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Rural Roads ◽

Geometric Properties ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Driving Speed

The basic factors determining the driving speed of drivers on rural roads are geometric properties of the designed road and traffic conditions. Spot speed investigations and analysis are a frequent object of both Polish and foreign research, while little attention has been given to sectional speed studies. The article presents the results of sectional speed tests carried out on rural sections of national, regional and county roads. The research sections were located in the Podlasie Voivodship. A set of cameras with the function of automatic recognition of number plates was used for speed measurements. As part of the conducted research and analyses, applying the tools of statistical analysis, the significance of the influence of the width of the lane, roadside width, road accessibility and its curvature on average sectional speeds in the group of national, provincial and county roads was determined.

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Applying Machine Learning Models to First Responder Collisions Beside Roads: Insights from “Two Vehicles Hit a Parked Motor Vehicle” Data

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112311198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 11198

Author(s):

Mohammadali Tofighi ◽

Ali Asgary ◽

Ghassem Tofighi ◽

Brady Podloski ◽

Felippe Cronemberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Police Officers ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

First Responders ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Rural Roads ◽

Vehicle Collisions ◽

Vehicle Data

First responders including firefighters, paramedics, and police officers are among the first to respond to vehicle collisions on roads and highways. Police officers conduct regular roadside Please check if the country name is correct traffic controls and checks on urban and rural roads, and highways. Once first responders begin such operations, they are vulnerable to motor vehicle collisions by oncoming traffic, a circumstance that calls for a better understanding of contributing factors and the extent to which they affect tragic outcomes. In light of factors identified in the literature, this paper applies machine learning methods including decision tree and random forest to a subset of the National Collision Database (NCDB) of Canada that includes information on collisions between two vehicles (one in parked position) and the severity of these collisions as measured by having or not having injuries. Findings reveal that key measurable, predictable, and sensible factors such as time, location, and weather conditions, as well as the interconnections among them, can explain the severity of collisions that may happen between motor vehicles and first responders who are working alongside the roads. Analysis from longitudinal data is rich and the use of automated methods can be used to predict and assess the risk and vulnerability of first responders while responding to or operating on different roads and conditions.

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Long-term variations in individual particle types in the aerosol of Phoenix, Arizona, as determined using automated electron microprobe analysis and multivariate statistical techniques

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100149544 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 742-743

Author(s):

Karen A. Katrinak ◽

James R. Anderson ◽

Peter R. Buseck

Keyword(s):

Electron Microprobe ◽

Fine Fraction ◽

Coarse Fraction ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

X Ray ◽

Mineral Particles ◽

Anthropogenic Air Pollutants

Aerosol samples were collected in Phoenix, Arizona on eleven dates between July 1989 and April 1990. Elemental compositions were determined for approximately 1000 particles per sample using an electron microprobe with an energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Fine-fraction samples (particle cut size of 1 to 2 μm) were analyzed for each date; coarse-fraction samples were also analyzed for four of the dates.The data were reduced using multivariate statistical methods. Cluster analysis was first used to define 35 particle types. 81% of all fine-fraction particles and 84% of the coarse-fraction particles were assigned to these types, which include mineral, metal-rich, sulfur-rich, and salt categories. "Zero-count" particles, consisting entirely of elements lighter than Na, constitute an additional category and dominate the fine fraction, reflecting the importance of anthropogenic air pollutants such as those emitted by motor vehicles. Si- and Ca-rich mineral particles dominate the coarse fraction and are also numerous in the fine fraction.

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