scholarly journals Anteroposterior Wnt-RA Gradient Defines Adhesion and Migration Properties of Neural Progenitors in Developing Spinal Cord

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-911
Author(s):  
Mohammed R. Shaker ◽  
Ju-Hyun Lee ◽  
Si-Hyung Park ◽  
Joo Yeon Kim ◽  
Gi Hoon Son ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ricardo Vieira ◽  
Bhavin Shah ◽  
Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar

During embryonic central nervous system (CNS) development, the neural and the vascular systems communicate with each other in order to give rise to a fully functional and mature CNS. The initial avascular CNS becomes vascularized by blood vessel sprouting from different vascular plexus in a highly stereotypical and controlled manner. This process is similar across different regions of the CNS. In particular for the developing spinal cord (SC), blood vessel ingression occurs from a perineural vascular plexus during embryonic development. In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive description of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this stereotypical and controlled patterning of blood vessels in the developing embryonic SC, identified using different animal models. We discuss how signals derived from neural progenitors and differentiated neurons guide the SC growing vasculature. Lastly, we provide a perspective of how the molecular mechanisms identified during development could be used to better understand pathological situations.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Harris ◽  
Gauhar Masgutova ◽  
Amandine Collin ◽  
Mathilde Toch ◽  
Maria Hidalgo-Figueroa ◽  
...  

AbstractAcquisition of proper neuronal identity and position is critical for the formation of neural circuits. In the embryonic spinal cord, cardinal populations of interneurons diversify into specialized subsets and migrate to defined locations within the spinal parenchyma. However, the factors that control interneuron diversification and migration remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that the Onecut transcription factors are necessary for proper diversification and distribution of the V2 interneurons in the developing spinal cord. Furthermore, we uncover that these proteins restrict and moderate the expression of spinal isoforms of Pou2f2, a transcription factor known to regulate B-cell differentiation. By gain- or loss-of-function experiments, we show that Pou2f2 contribute to regulate the position of V2 populations in the developing spinal cord. Thus, we uncovered a genetic pathway that regulates the diversification and the distribution of V2 interneurons during embryonic development.Significance statementIn this study, we identify the Onecut and Pou2f2 transcription factors as regulators of spinal interneuron diversification and migration, two events that are critical for proper CNS development.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Alvarez ◽  
Supraja G. Varadarajan ◽  
Samantha J. Butler

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e62120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natassya M. Noor ◽  
Kjeld Møllgård ◽  
Benjamin J. Wheaton ◽  
David L. Steer ◽  
Jessie S. Truettner ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Olga A. Bondarenko ◽  
Gaspar V. Gavrilov ◽  
Vadim A. Padurets ◽  
Roman V. Kasich

Purpose of the work. The article is devoted to the first experience of epidural stimulation in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug at the budgetary institution Surgut Clinical Trauma Hospital. Clinical examples are presented for two main indications for the application of this technique (disease of the operated spine, a consequence of spinal cord injury in combination with chronic neuropathic pain syndrome). Research methods. An assessment of the intensity of pain syndrome was given according to a visual analogue scale, the Pain Detect questionnaire; indicators of anxiety, depression on the HADS scale; quality of life according to the Oswestry questionnaire for a follow-up period of 6-12 months in patients with chronic epidural stimulation. Results. A positive assessment of the action during test neurostimulation was 63.3% (38 patients). Of the established permanent systems, a good result was achieved and persisted for 12 months or more in 96% (24 patients). It was necessary to change the stimulation parameters in 13% (3 patients). Revision of permanent systems was performed in 20% (5 patients), due to the progression of the degenerative-dystrophic process of the spine, damage and migration of system elements. Conclusions. Chronic epidural spinal cord stimulation has established itself as a personalized, highly effective, minimally invasive and safe method of treating chronic neuropathic pain syndromes. Multicomponent corrective action is of scientific interest and requires further study.


Alcohol ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Ren ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Mei Xu ◽  
Jacqueline A. Frank ◽  
Jia Luo

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