Soil cone index and bulk density of a sandy loam under no-till and conventional tillage in a corn-soybean rotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 104842
Author(s):  
Jalal D. Jabro ◽  
William B. Stevens ◽  
William M. Iversen ◽  
Upendra M. Sainju ◽  
Brett L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cone Index

SOIL WATER BALANCE AND GRAIN YIELD OF SORGHUM UNDER NO-TILL VERSUS CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE WITH SURFACE MULCH IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA ZONE OF SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. OBALUM ◽  
U. C. AMALU ◽  
M. E. OBI ◽  
T. WAKATSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

SUMMARYOver a decade after the forest-savanna transition zone of Nigeria was deemed suitable for production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), no research has been undertaken on the crop's tillage requirements in the southeastern part of the zone. This study evaluated the effects of tillage-mulch practices on soil moisture, water use (WU), grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop in a Typic Paleustult (sandy loam) at Nsukka during 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. In a split-plot design, no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) treatments were left bare (B) or covered with mulch (M) at 5 Mg ha−1. The ensuing treatments (NTB, NTM, CTB, and CTM) represented four tillage methods, which were replicated four times in a randomized complete block. In the monitored root zone, NTB and CTM significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the soil moisture status over NTM and CTB, but the main effects of the tillage and the mulch factors were not significant. The crop WU was uninfluenced by the treatments throughout the study. Although the grain yield showed higher values with NT than with CT, the differences were significant (p ≤ 0.05) only in 2007 that was marked with erratic rainfall and relatively low mean yield. Mulch significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the grain yield in 2006, with greater effect in CT than NT. On average, the mulch plots out-yielded their bare counterparts by about 26%. The tillage × mulch interaction was significant (p ≤ 0.01), and showed higher grain yields in NTB, NTM and CTM than in CTB. In the year-weighted average, yield increments in NTB, NTM and CTM over CTB were 53, 53 and 67% respectively, a pointer to the relevance of mulch with the CT but not the NT. Relative WU showed that the crop's water demand was met under all treatments. Hence, the yield reduction in the CTB was not due to water shortage. The WUE varied among the treatments in the same pattern as grain yield. In summary, NTB and CTM proved superior to NTM only in soil moisture status but to CTB in all measured parameters. From a socio-economic viewpoint, however, NTB would be preferable to CTM for growing sorghum in this area.

scholarly journals Summer Squash Production Using Conservation Tillage

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. NeSmith ◽  
G. Hoogenboom ◽  
D.V. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Summer Squash

Three summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivars were grown using conventional tillage and no-till soil management practices during 1991 and 1992 in the mountain regions of Georgia. Soil bulk density and N content as well as crop dry weight, leaf area, and yield were monitored to assess the potential for using conservation tillage in squash production. Soil bulk density of the surface (0 to 10 cm) layer under no-till exceeded. that under conventional tillage at planting by 0.25 Mg·m-3, and 1 month after planting by as much as 0.16 Mg·m-3. However, growth-limiting bulk densities (>1.45 Mg·m-3) did not occur. Total soil N to a 30-cm depth was similar for the two tillage regimes. There were no significant cultivar × tillage interaction effects on plant dry weight, leaf area, or crop yield. Total yields were similar for the two tillage regimes; however, early yield during 1991 was 27% less using no-till. There is potential for the use of conservation tillage in summer squash production in the southeastern United States. However, the current lack of registered herbicides for weed control and possible early market price incentives are likely disadvantages to widespread acceptance of such cultural practices.

Effect of the ridge tillage system on some selected soil physical properties in a maize monoculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. László ◽  
C. Gyuricza
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Within the framework of cooperation between Szent István University and the Vienna University of Agricultural Sciences, a soil cultivation experiment in a maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture was set up for the first time in Austria near Pyhra (Lower Austria) in 1996. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ridge tillage (RT) in comparison with conventional mouldboard ploughing in autumn (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on the penetration resistance (PR), soil bulk density (BD) and porosity (P) of sandy loam soil (Typic Agriudoll). Analyses were made for each treatment and for different parts of the ridge (top and side of the ridge, and interrow) in 1998, 2000 and 2002. The average PR and BD values were greatest in the no-tillage plot, being 3.42 MPa and 1.56 g·cm-3, respectively. After six years, ridge tillage resulted in lower penetration resistance and bulk density values in the upper 20 cm than conventional tillage and no-tillage. Ridge tillage appears capable of reducing compaction in this soil. It can be concluded from the results that ridge tillage is capable of maintaining and improving favourable physical conditions in the soil.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM MINIMUM TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A CHERNOZEMIC CLAY LOAM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CHANG ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
No Till

This study was conducted to compare the long-term (20 yr) effects of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-till on various soil-water related properties within the tilled layer (0–30 and 30–60 mm) and immediately below the tilled layer (90–120 mm) under a spring cereal-summerfallow rotation cropping system. Parameters measured included saturated hydraulic conductivity, saturation percentage, plant-available water-holding capacity, large pore porosity, bulk density, and infiltration rate of the soil. Tillage treatment effects on these soil properties in each of the four sampling periods were not significantly different. The confidence interval test showed some temporal changes in these soil physical properties, of which hydraulic conductivity was the most affected. In the summerfallow field, regardless of the previous cereal crops, the steady infiltration rate was significantly lower in the soil under conventional tillage than with that under no-till. The results indicate that the surface soil structure was most stable under no-till. In the fresh stubble field, the type of cereal crop had an effect on the infiltration rate of the soil. The mean infiltration rate was higher in the summerfallow field than in the fresh stubble field and also was higher in the fresh barley stubble than in the fresh wheat stubble. Except for infiltration rates, there is no significant advantage of one tillage method over the other with respect to the soil physical properties measured in this Brown Chernozemic clay loam soil. Key words: No-till, minimum tillage, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, infiltration

Measurements and simulations of compaction effects on the least limiting water range of a no-till Oxisol

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato P. de Lima ◽  
Thomas Keller ◽  
Neyde B. F. Giarola ◽  
Cassio A. Tormena ◽  
Anderson R. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
No Till ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range

No-till has many environmental advantages, but concerns are growing about vehicle-induced topsoil compaction limiting crop growth. We performed a wheeling experiment in a long-term no-till field on an Oxisol with sandy loam texture. The objectives were to measure changes in soil bulk density and corresponding impacts on the least limiting water range (LLWR) due to passage of a maize harvester, and to compare bulk density and LLWR measurements with values simulated using the SoilFlex-LLWR soil compaction model. Soil cores were sampled before and after wheeling, for bulk density measurements and to determine LLWR. Simulated increase in bulk density due to vehicle wheeling agreed well with measurements. However, simulated LLWR and its decrease with compaction were inaccurate. This was ascribed to the pedo-transfer function used in SoilFlex-LLWR to estimate LLWR parameters, which was developed based on data from conventionally tilled sugarcane fields, whereas our site was a long-term no-till soil under a wheat/soybean–maize/black oats rotation. Our measurements showed that LLWR was strongly restricted by soil penetration resistance, which was not captured by the pedo-transfer function incorporated in SoilFlex-LLWR. For better prediction of LLWR, we recommend development of specific pedo-transfer functions or of mechanistic models that can be incorporated in SoilFlex-LLWR.

Soil quality assessed by carbon management index in a subtropical Acrisol subjected to tillage systems and irrigation

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. De Bona ◽  
C. Bayer ◽  
J. Dieckow ◽  
H. Bergamaschi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
No Till ◽  
Labile C ◽  
Carbon Management Index ◽  
C Stock

The combined influence of no-till and irrigation on soil quality in tropical and subtropical regions is still to be better clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sprinkler irrigation on soil quality of a southern Brazilian sandy loam Paleudult subjected to conventional tillage and no-till for 8 years. The soil quality indicator was the carbon management index (CMI), based on variations in the total C stock (expressed by the C pool index, CPI) and in the C lability (expressed by the C lability index, LI) related to the reference native grassland soil. The C lability was given by the ratio between the concentration of labile C, separated with NaI solution (1.8 Mg/m3), and non-labile C, obtained from the difference between total C and labile C. The total C stock, and thus the CPI, in the 0–200 mm layer were affected neither by tillage system nor by irrigation. On the other hand, the concentration of labile C, and thus the C lability and LI, were lower in conventional tillage than in no-till, and in irrigated than in non-irrigated systems. The effect of irrigation in decreasing the C lability was more pronounced in no-till than in conventional tillage soil. A combination of residue accumulation and greater water availability on the no-till soil surface probably provided suitable conditions to increase microbial mineralisation activity on the light fraction of the organic matter. The results of CMI, whose variations were caused mainly by LI, indicate that soil quality was improved with adoption of no-till in substitution of conventional tillage, but not with adoption of irrigation. No-till soils subjected to irrigation require a higher phytomass addition than non-irrigated soils.

Corn Forage Production in No‐Till and Conventional Tillage Double‐Cropping Systems 1

1977 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Nelson ◽  
R. N. Gallaher ◽  
M. R. Holmes ◽  
R. R. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till

Effect of Tillage Systems on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Quality in a Purple Paddy Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
Jun Ke Zhang ◽  
Qing Ju Hao ◽  
Chang Sheng Jiang ◽  
Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Field Station ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The impact of conservation tillage practices on carbon sequestration has been of great interest in recent years. This experiment analyzed the organic carbon status of soils sampled at depth increments from 0 to 60 cm after 20 years in a purple paddy soil. The tillage experiment was established in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, located in the farm of Southwest University (30°26′N, 106°26′E), Chongqing. In this paper, five tillage treatments including conventional tillage with rice only system (DP), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (SL), no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LM), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (XM) and tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LF) were selected as research objectives to measure SOC storage and stratification ratio of SOC (CSR). The SOC storage under different tillage systems was calculated based on an equivalent soil mass. The CSR can be used as an indicator of soil quality because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and the conservation of nutrients. Results showed that in soil under no-till SOC was concentrated near the surface, while in tilled soil SOC decreased equably with the increase of soil depth. The difference of SOC contents between the five tillage systems was the largest in the top soil and the lowest in the bottom soil. The order of SOC storage was LM (158.52 Mg C•ha-1) >DP (106.74 Mg C•ha-1) >XM (100.11 Mg C•ha-1) >LF (93.11 Mg C•ha-1) >SL (88.59 Mg C•ha-1), LM treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. The CSR of 0-10/50-60 cm was 2.65, 2.70 and 2.14 under LM, XM and LF treatments, while 1.54 and 1.92 under DP and SL treatments. We considered CSR>2 indicate an improvement in soil quality produced by changing from tillage to no-tillage, as well as changing from plane to ridge. Overall, long-term LM treatment is a valid strategy for increasing SOC storage and improving soil quality in a purple paddy soil in Southwest China.

On fumonisin incidence in monoculture maize under no-till, conventional tillage and two nitrogen fertilisation levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Marocco ◽  
Carolina Gavazzi ◽  
Amedeo Pietri ◽  
Vincenzo Tabaglio
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
No Till
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