A postoperative parathyroid hormone-based algorithm to reduce symptomatic hypocalcemia following completion/total thyroidectomy: A retrospective analysis of 591 patients

Surgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna G. Mazotas ◽  
Tina W.F. Yen ◽  
Jiyoon Park ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Daniel C. Eastwood ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-884
Author(s):  
Joshua Park ◽  
Ethan Frank ◽  
Alfred Simental ◽  
Sara Yang ◽  
Christopher Vuong ◽  
...  

After thyroid surgery, protocols based on postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels may prevent symptoms of hypocalcemia, while avoiding unnecessary prophylactic calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation. We examined the value of an initial management protocol based solely on a single PTH level measured one hour after completion or total thyroidectomy to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia by conducting a retrospective review of 697 consecutive patients treated from July 2003 to April 2015. The proportion of patients who developed symptomatic hypocalcemia was similar between those treated before (n = 155) and after (n = 542) implementation of this 1-hour PTH protocol (16.8% vs 15.9%; P = 0.786). Those in the 1-hour PTH groups had lower overnight observation rates (97.4% vs 53.7%; P < 0.001) and length of stay (1.98 ± 2.61 vs 0.89 ± 1.87 days; P < 0.001), and required less calcium (3.9% vs 0.8%; P = 0.015) and vitamin D (2.6% vs 0%; P = 0.002) supplementation one year after surgery. Less than 1 per cent of patients discharged on the day of surgery in accordance with the 1-hour PTH guidelines returned to the emergency room for symptomatic hypocalcemia; none experienced significant morbidity. This protocol facilitates early discharge of low-risk patients and results in a similar or improved postoperative course compared with traditional overnight observation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lalos ◽  
K Linke ◽  
M von Flüe ◽  
B Kern

Abstract Objective Total thyroidectomy represents the gold standard surgical procedure for patients with malignant thyroid disease. Over the past decades, the total thyroidectomy gradually replaced the subtotal thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disorders as well. Postoperative hypocalcemia remains the most frequent complication. The close proximity of parathyroid glands to the thyroid capsule leads often to devascularization or adventitious removal of parathyroid tissue. Clinical symptoms like paresthesia, tingling, muscle cramps or seizures often occur. Combined measurement of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcium after the operation are used worldwide to predict postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The purpose of this study was to find out the incidence of decreased iPTH at the end of surgery and its reliability in predicting hypocalcemia. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 534 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at our institution between 2000 and 2019. Medical records were reviewed to analyze the patient characteristics, indication of the procedure, laboratory and histological results, postoperative management and complications. The iPTH was measured before and at the end of the surgery, while the calcium was measured at the first postoperative day. The iPTH assay at our hospital has a normal range between 15.0 and 80.0 pg/ml. Meanwhile hypocalcemia was defined as a calcium measurement &lt; 2.2 mmol/l. Results The mean age of the patients was 55.34 years. The female to male ratio was 4.6:1. The mean preoperative iPTH of our cohort was 48.35 pg/ml, while the postoperative iPTH was 31.74 pg/ml, indicating a mean reduction of 35.75%. A total of 174 patients (32.6%) had a iPTH &lt; 15.0 pg/ml at the end of the surgery, indicating a reduction of 75.6%. 22 of these 174 patients (12.6%) developed clinical symptoms of hypocalcemia. In contrast only 3 patients (0.08%) with normal iPTH developed symptoms. Whole parathyroid glands were identified in 95/534 (17.8%), whereas from the 174 patients with iPTH &lt; 15.0 pg/ml, 56 (32.2%) had at least one parathyroid gland in the operative specimens. Conclusion Measurement of iPTH at the end of total thyroidectomy is a good predictor to detect patient who are at risk for developing symptomatic hypocalcemia and calcium substitution can be started at the same day. A normal iPTH almost excludes symptomatic hypocalcemia.


2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto Brasileiro Vanderlei ◽  
Jose Gilberto Henriques Vieira ◽  
Flavio Carneiro Hojaij ◽  
Onivaldo Cervantes ◽  
Ilda Sizue Kunii ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the measurement of peri-operative parathyroid hormone (PTH) is able to identify patients with increased risk of developing symptoms of hypocalcemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were studied prospectively. Ionized serum calcium and PTH were measured after induction of anesthesia, one hour (PTH1) and one day after surgery (PTH24). Patients were evaluated for symptoms of hypocalcemia and treated with calcium and vitamin D supplementation as necessary. RESULTS: Symptomatic hypocalcemia developed in 16 patients. Symptomatic patients had significant lower PTH1 and greater drops in PTH levels. The selection of 12.1 ng/L as PTH1 level cutoff level divided patients with and without symptoms with 93.7% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity. The selection of 73.5% as the cutoff value for PTH decrease resulted in 91.6% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. CONCLUSION: PTH1 levels and the drop in PTH levels are reliable predictors of developing symptomatic hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Algirdas Šlepavičius ◽  
Virgilijus Beiša

Algirdas Šlepavičius1,  Virgilijus Beiša21 Klaipėdos universitetinės ligoninės Pilvo ir endokrininės chirurgijos skyrius,Liepojos g. 41, LT-92288 KlaipėdaEl paštas: [email protected] Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Pilvo chirurgijos ir gastroenterologijos klinika,Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Intaktinio intraoperacinio parathormono (IOPTH) koncentracija kaip prieskydinių liaukų funkcijos rodiklis dažnai nustatoma operuojant nuo pirminio ir antrinio hiperparatiroidizmo. Šio perspektyviojo tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti IOPTH galimybes pooperaciniam hipoparatiroidizmui prognozuoti skydliaukės chirurgijoje. Ligoniai ir metodai Klaipėdos ligoninės Pilvo ir endokrininės chirurgijos skyriuje ir Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Pilvo chirurgijos centre nuo 2005 m. birželio 1 d. iki 2006 m. sausio 1 d. 89 ligoniams, praėjus 10 minučių po tiroidektomijos, buvo tiriama IOPTH koncentracija kraujyje. Kalcio koncentracija kraujyje buvo tikrinama praėjus 24, 48 ir 72 val. po operacijos. Visi operuotieji suskirstyti į dvi grupes: ligoniai, kuriems po tiroidektomijos nebuvo hipoparatiroidizmo reiškinių (A grupė n = 78), ir ligoniai, kuriems po tiroidektomijos išsivystė hipoparatiroidizmo požymiai (B grupė n = 11). Palyginti abiejų gupių ligonių IOPTH ir kalcio koncentracijos kraujyje skirtumai bei hipoparatiroidizmo klinikinės išraiškos priklausomybė nuo IOPTH ir kalcio koncentracijos kraujyje. Rezultatai Iš 89 ligonių vienuolikai (12,4%) po visiškosios tiroidektomijos išsivystė pooperacinis hipoparatiroidizmas. Simptomai pasireiškė nuo 24 val. iki 52 val. po operacijos. Ligonių, kuriems po operacijos išsivystė hipoparatiroidizmo klinika, vidutinė IOPTH koncentracija kraujyje buvo daug mažesnė (7,2 ± 1,32 pg/ml) nei tų, kuriems hipoparatiroidizmo klinikos nebuvo (42 ± 2,79 pg/ml) (p < 0,05). Po tiroidektomijos mažesnė nei 10 pg/ml IOPTH koncentracija kraujyje turėjo 90,9% jautrumą ir 100% specifiškumą prognozuojant pooperacinį hipoparatiroidizmą. Teigiama numatymo vertė 100%, neigiama numatymo vertė 90%. Išvada Jei IOPTH koncentracija kraujyje praėjus 10 minučių nuo skydliaukės pašalinimo yra mažesnė nei 10 pg/ml, galime prognozuoti pooperacinį hipoparatiroidizmą. IOPTH tyrimas klinikinėje praktikoje leidžia laiku pradėti gydyti rizikos grupės ligonius kalcio preparatais, o jei reikia – ir vitaminu D, o ne rizikos grupės ligonius būtų galima gerokai anksčiau išleisti į namus. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: intraoperacinis parathormono matavimas, visiškoji tiroidektomija, pooperacinis hipoparatiroidizmas Intraoperative parathyroid hormone level monitoring for predicting postoperative hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy Algirdas Šlepavičius1,  Virgilijus Beiša21 Klaipėda University Hospital, Department of Abdominal and Endocrine Surgery,Liepojos str. 41, LT-92288 Klaipėda, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Kaunas University of Medicine,Insitute for Biomedical Research,Eivenių g. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) levels are usually not monitored during thyroidectomy, although they are widely used during parathyroidectomy as an indicator of parathyroid gland function.This prospective study evaluated the occurrence of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy and the use of IOPTH levels for predicting the postoperative hypoparathyroidism and the need for postoperative vitamin D and Ca supplementation. Patients and methods Eighty nine patients underwent total thyroidectomy at the Department of Abdominal and Endocrine Surgery of Klaipėda University Hospital and at the Abdominal Center of Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos from 01-06-2005 to 01-01-2006. The IOPTH was measured 10 min after thyroidectomy. Postoperative calcium levels were monitored 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. IOPTH levels were correlated with postoperative calcium levels and clinical symptoms of hypocalcemia. Patients with symptomatic hypocalcemia are compared with asymptomatic patients. Results Twelve patients developed hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy. The onset of symptomatic hypocalcemia ranged from 24 to 52 hours. The mean IOPTH level (7.2 ± 1.32 pg/ml) in patients who developed symptomatic hypocalcemia was significantly lower than the mean IOPTH level (42 ± 2.79 pg/ml) in patients without symptoms (p < 0.05). An IOPTH level less than 10 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 90%, a specifity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 90% for the development of symptomatic hypocalcemia. Conclusion An IOPTH level less than 10 pg/ml 10 minutes after total thyroidectomy is a strong predictor of hypoparathyroidism. The incorporation of the IOPTH assay in the management of thyroid diseases is recommended to prevent and prospectively treat symptomatic hypocalcemia. Key words: Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring, postoperative hypoparathyroidism, total thyroidectomy


Author(s):  
Ismail Cem Sormaz ◽  
Ahmet Yalin Iscan ◽  
Ilker Ozgur ◽  
Seyma Karakus ◽  
Fatih Tunca ◽  
...  

Background: To investigate the impact of the percent change of postoperative parathormone (PoPTH) level from baseline value (∆PTH) on the rate of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Methods: Assays of serum PTH and calcium (Ca) were performed preoperatively and at 24 hours postoperatively in 222 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Postoperative hypocalcemia was defined as serum calcium level corrected for albumin concentration (cCa) &lt;8.5mg/dl. Patients with postoperative hypocalcemia were classified as group1 (n=100) and those with normal Ca levels as group 2 (n=122). The PoPTH levels and ∆PTH were compared between the two groups. ROC analysis was performed to determine the cut off values for PoPTH and ∆PTH. Results: The mean PoPTH level was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (18.6±15.3 pg/ml vs 32.3±15.6 pg/ml, respectively; P&lt;0.0001). PoPTH values were within normal range in 54% of the patients with hypocalcemia and 35% of those with symptomatic hypocalcemia. PoPTH &lt;28pg/ml or ∆PTH &gt;45 were significantly associated with increased risk of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia (P=0.0001). A ∆PTH &gt;70% ,PoPTH ≤ 15.5pg/ml and postoperative serum cCa concentrations&lt;8.0mg/dl significantly predicted symptomatic hypocalcemia(P=0.009;P=0.006;andP=0.0001;respevtively).The sensitivities of ∆PTH,PoPTH level and postoperative serum cCa concentration to predict symptomatic hypocalcemia were 67%,64% and100, respectively. Conclusion: Although, PTH decline significantly correlate with symptomatic hypocalcemia, a considerable number of patients may experience hypocalcemic symptoms in spite of normal PoPTH levels. Analysis of serum Ca concentrations at 24 hours postoperatively help to achieve a more precise prediction of patients who bear a high risk for developing hypocalcemic symptoms.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Paul ◽  
Thomas V Paul ◽  
Deepak T Abraham ◽  
Anish Cherian

ABSTRACT Aims Total thyroidectomy is significantly complicated by parathyroid dysfunction and hypocalcemia. These aspects impact the decision regarding the timing of discharge and quantum of calcium supplementation required. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the accuracy of next-day parathyroid hormone (PTH) level as a predictor of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Secondly, we aimed at establishing our institution's postoperative PTH level, which can accurately predict the development of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia to help us ensure the safe and early discharge of patients. Materials and methods A prospective observational study of 50 continuous patients undergoing thyroidectomy was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South India. Postoperative blood samples were collected for estimation of PTH, calcium, albumin, and phosphorous. The data were collated and results analyzed using Stata I/C 10.1. Results A total of 30% (15/50) of the patients had postoperative hypocalcemia (serum calcium <8 mg/dL). Postoperative PTH was low (<8 pg/mL) in 40% (20/50) of patients. There was a significant association between PTH < 8 pg/mL and the presence of postoperative hypocalcemia (p = 0.029). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.7, and a next-day PTH of <6 pg/mL showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (83 and 60% respectively) for the development of postoperative hypocalcemia, with a positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 83 and 60 respectively. Conclusion The PTH assessment performed the day after surgery is an acceptable test to predict post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia; PTH <6 pg/mL can be used as our institution's cutoff value. Department protocols for calcium and vitamin D supplementation following total thyroidectomy may be formulated based on the appropriately timed local postoperative PTH value to assist safe and early discharge of patients. Clinical significance Discharge protocols for patients undergoing thyroidectomy may be formulated based on the postoperative PTH values, thus enabling safe and early discharge of patients. How to cite this article Cherian AJ, Ramakant P, Paul TV, Abraham DT, Paul MJ. Next-day Parathyroid Hormone as a Predictor of Post-thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(3):203-207.


Gland Surgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. S38-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna G. Mazotas ◽  
Tracy S. Wang

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