A small molecule inhibits cell elongation by modulating cell wall polysaccharide composition in Arabidopsis

Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa are the main causative agents of sporotrichosis, a human subcutaneous mycosis. Differences in virulence patterns are associated with each species but remain largely uncharacterized. The S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis cell wall composition and virulence are influenced by the culturing media, with little or no influence on S. globosa. By keeping constant the culturing media, we compared the cell wall composition of three S. schenckii and two S. brasiliensis strains, previously described as presenting different virulence levels on a murine model of infection. The cell wall composition of the five Sporothrix spp. strains correlated with the biochemical composition of the cell wall previously reported for the species. However, the rhamnose-to-β-glucan ratio exhibits differences among strains, with an increase in cell wall rhamnose-to-β-glucan ratio as their virulence increased. This relationship can be expressed mathematically, which could be an important tool for the determination of virulence in Sporothrix spp. Also, structural differences in rhamnomannan were found, with longer side chains present in strains with lower virulence reported for both species here studied, adding insight to the importance of this polysaccharide in the pathogenic process of these fungi.

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Relationship between Texture and Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Fruit Flesh in Various Species of Citrus

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.1.114 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 114-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Noboru Muramatsu ◽

Toshio Takahara ◽

Kiyohide Kojima ◽

Tatsushi Ogata

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Satsuma Mandarin ◽

Fruit Flesh ◽

Polysaccharide Composition ◽

The Relationship

Various species and cultivars of citrus were studied to determine the relationship between texture and cell wall polysaccharide content of fruit flesh. Among those tested cultivars, navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and hassaku (C. hassaku Hort. ex Tanaka) were firmest, `Fukuhara orange' (C. sinensis Osbeck) was intermediate, and satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc.) was softest. There was a 3-fold difference in firmness among the 12 citrus cultigens measured. Cohesiveness values ranged from 0.30 to 0.49 and were not correlated with fruit firmness. Sugar content in each cell wall fraction was highest in the water and EDTA fractions, followed by the hemicellulose fraction, and was lowest in the cellulose fraction. Correlation coefficients between firmness and sugar content ranged from 0.69 to 0.88 and were highest in the cellulose fraction. This study suggests that firmness of fruit flesh among the cultigens is influenced by cell wall polysaccharide composition. Chemical name used: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

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