Welfare in the 21st century: Increasing development, reducing inequality, the impact of climate change, and the cost of climate policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 119981
Author(s):  
Bjorn Lomborg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change in West Africa on Cereal Production Per Capita in 2050

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7585
Author(s):  
Dimitri Defrance ◽  
Benjamin Sultan ◽  
Mathieu Castets ◽  
Adjoua Moise Famien ◽  
Christian Baron
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Food security is a crucial issue in the Sahel and could be endangered by climate change and demographic pressure during the 21st century. Higher temperatures and changes in rainfall induced by global warming are threatening rainfed agriculture in this region while the population is expected to increase approximately three-fold until 2050. Our study quantifies the impact of climate change on food security by combining climate modelling (16 models from CMIP5), crop yield (simulated by agronomic model, SARRA-O) and demographic evolution (provided by UN projection) under two future climatic scenarios. We simulate yield for the main crops in five countries in West Africa and estimate the population pressure on crop production to assess the number of available cereal production per capita. We found that, although uncertain, the African monsoon evolution leads to an increase of rainfall in Eastern Sahel and a decrease in Western Sahel under the RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario from IPCC, leading to the higher temperature increase by the end of the 21st century. With regard to the abundance of food for the inhabitants, all the scenarios in each country show that in 2050, local agricultural production will be below 50 kg per capita. This situation can have impact on crop import and regional migration.

scholarly journals On species concepts, phylogenetics and the science of natural history—three current issues facing taxonomy

Megataxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
MAARTEN J.M. CHRISTENHUSZ
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Natural History ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Changing World

Taxonomy faces some major challenges in the 21st Century (Godfray 2002). The threat to biodiversity comes largely from human overpopulation, but the impact of climate change is unprecedented (Pievani 2014) and increasingly a risk factor for many species. This makes it even more critical to rapidly catalogue our biodiversity to better protect it (Mace 2004). If you do not know what is there, it is impossible to know what we are losing, let alone protect something for which we have no name and cannot identify. Understanding diversity and the dynamics of evolution and speciation is important to discover the adaptability of species in a changing world dominated by humans (e.g. Harvey et al. 2014), but at the same time education about the natural world seems to have failed our children.Below I address three major questions or issues that are current in taxonomy, and natural history in the broader sense, related to species concepts, classification, communication and education. 

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change and Community Adaptation of Bajo Tribe

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reka Rahmawati ◽  
Kahirun Kahirun ◽  
La Ode Midi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Community Adaptation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of climate change and the adaptation forms of the Bajo tribe that are felt in the coastal regions of Wawonii Indonesia. This research method is the type of data used in this study is the type of qualitative data and surveys, data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, discussion, questionnaire distribution, and field observations. The results showed that the impact of climate change in the Langara Laut village can be felt by increasing the cost of residential renewal activities by a percentage of 52.5% of respondents with 21 people, then shifting livelihoods to a percentage of 22.5% with respondents 9 lives, and the risk of activities at sea in the Bajo tribe community increased as a percentage 25.0% with respondents 10 people. As for the form of adaptation carried out by the Bajo Tribe community in Langara Laut by making stronger residential measures (Protective) a percentage of 52.5% with respondents 21 people, then diversifying livelihoods/diversification is part of a form of relocation action percentage of 22.5% with respondents 9 people, and the use of transportation (ships) and fishing gear that is more effective in other words a form of accommodation measures 25.0% with respondents 10 people.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on landslides in Slovenia in the mid-21st century

Geologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Mateja JEMEC AUFLIČ ◽  
Gašper BOKAL ◽  
Špela KUMELJ ◽  
Anže MEDVED ◽  
Mojca DOLINAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

Slovenia is affected by extreme and intense rainfall that triggers numerous landslides every year, resulting in significant human impact and damage to infrastructure. Previous studies on landslides have shown how rainfall patterns can influence landslide occurrence, while in this paper, we present one of the first study in Slovenia to examine the impact of climate change on landslides in the mid-21st century. To do this, we used the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 climate scenario and future climatology simulated by six climate models that differed from each other as much as possible while representing measured values of past climate variables as closely as possible. Based on baseline period (1981-2010) we showed the number of days with exceedance of rainfall thresholds and the area where landslides may occur more frequently in the projection period (2041-2070). We found that extreme rainfall events are likely to occur more frequent in the future, which may lead to a higher frequency of landslides in some areas.

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