Changes in Rainfall and Climate Classification in South Sulawesi

The study discuss about Changes in Rainfall and Climate Classification in South Sulawesi. The climate of the Earth is determined by the location of the sun in relation to the earth's surface. Geographical location influences the categorization of climate on our planet. The results of the study (1) Rainfall in Bone Regency has been classified as high rainfall intensity for the last 10 years; (2) Determination of climate classification can be done by processing rainfall data obtained from data before weighting, after weighting, ranking, and opportunity; (3) The climate classification according to Schmidt-Ferguson for Bone Regency has a B climate type, which is a humid subtropical climate; and (4) The climate classification according This is based on a comparison of the number of dry months (BK) and wet months (BB), from which the Q value is obtained, which is then used to determine the type of climate according to Schmidt-Ferguson; (4) Oldeman's climate classification for Bone Regency has a C1 climate type, which has the characteristics of planting lowland rice once a year and secondary crops twice a year; (5) Oldeman's climate classification for Bone Regency has a This is based on the number of Wet Months (BB) and Dry Months (BK) in a given year

Carrot (Doucus Carota) Farming Analysis; Case Study in Pattapang Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency

The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the production of carrot farming; (2) identify the net revenue of carrot farming; and (3) determine variations in the price of carrots in Pattapang Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency. The investigation was carried out in Pattapang Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, and the place was chosen with care. The number of farmers that participated in this research was five individuals. The findings revealed that the average revenue from carrot growing. Farmers in Pattapang Village earn 26,364,000 IDR per hectare through carrot growing, with expenditures spent of 1,204,940 IDR per hectare, for a total revenue of 25,046,560 IDR per hectare

Triggering Factors for Organism' Evolution

The purpose of the article is to know the trigerring factor for arganism’ Evolution. Evolution is defined as the change in the heritable features of a population of organisms from one generation to the next, or from one generation to the next. Evolution, according to the contemporary conception, is characterized by changes in the attributes of living organisms through time, with these changes being guided by the process of natural selection

Product Preservation Design of Vegetable and Animal Food Processing

The aims of the research is determine the Product Preservation Design of Vegetable and Animal Food Processing. Packaging designed to preserve food components in the hands of customers while preventing contamination by bacteria and fungus is the goal. As long as food is stored properly, the quality of the food will deteriorate. Packaging is necessary in order to deliver the following information: Package must convey an accurate representation of its contents; it should neither be copied from other parties' packaging designs, nor should it be too complex, making it prohibitively costly to produce

Cabbage Commodity Agribusiness Management

The purpose of this research is to assess and evaluate the performance of the agribusiness system in relation to the Cabbage crop. The Agribusiness System is comprised of four (four) components: In the first place, there is the upstream agricultural industry. The marketing system that has been established is an ordinary marketing system, meaning that it provides complete autonomy to every marketing agency and producer farmer in the conduct of their individual enterprises. Supply networks for cabbage in general tend to be driven by the dynamics of supply and demand in the market, and are still predominated by conventional supply chains whose primary outlets are traditional marketplaces

Weeds Control in Cassava Plants Development

The purpose of this study is to determine what kinds of weeds may interfere with the development of cassava and how to manage the presence of weeds that interfere with the growth of cassava. Cassava has significant economic and social potential as a future food component, raw material for a variety of businesses, and animal feed, among other applications. Weeds have the ability to multiply quickly via seed. Annual weeds are the most common kind of weed discovered in cassava because they develop extremely quickly and generate seeds in a short period of time. Weed management is often accomplished by mechanical techniques, such as pulling, submerging, or other similar methods. Uprooting should be done before the seeds of this plant begin to spread, and additional methods of management should include herbicide spraying

Horticultural Study on Cucumber Cultivation; Pest and Disease Control from Traditional Approach

The aims of the study to know Horticultural Study on Cucumber Cultivation; Pest and Disease Control from Traditional Approach. Cucumber offers several health advantages, including a high concentration of Vitamin A, anti-cancer properties, the ability to absorb pollutants, and the ability to provide energy. cucumber is high in provitamin A, which helps to preserve eye health by acting as an antioxidant. It also helps to prevent damage to body cells that leads to premature aging by acting naturally. cucumber fruit has been shown to be effective in reducing the development of intestinal cancer.

Ochratoxins’ Effects on the Functional Properties and Nutritional Compositions of Grains

This study assessed the effects of total ochratoxins on the nutritional composition and functional properties of grain flours. The grains cowpea, sorghum, maize, groundnut, rice, millet, and acha were milled. The proximate composition, functional properties, as well as Total Ochratoxin levels, were determined. The effects of the Ochratoxins on the nutritional and functional properties of the grains were evaluated. Ochratoxin levels in grain flours ranged from 0.09 to 54.41 μg/kg and not seen in some rice samples. Most Total Ochratoxin levels found in the grains were beyond the WHO/EU/FAO permissible limit, 5.00 µg/kg. Groundnut and Cowpea have a significant high content of protein and fiber. Groundnut had the highest average fat content, 41.84 %. The ash content of the grains ranged from 0.73 to 3.61%. The presence of ochratoxins had a significant impact on the grain's carbohydrates, proteins, and fat. Their presence had moderate effects on crude fiber, ash, and functional properties and negligible effect on grain moisture.

Design and Construction of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea, L.) Storage Box Using Thermoelectric Technology

Fresh vegetables determine the selling price of the product, so traders must be careful in storing vegetables to keep them staying fresh. Therefore, we need a vegetable storage device that can maintain the specified temperature, can lower the temperature, and is effective. The solution used is to design a vegetable storage device using thermoelectric technology that can maintain temperature. This research was conducted in May-June 2021 and was carried out at the Laboratory of Agroindustrial Technology and Management, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Jember. The tools used for research are Laptop and Arduino IDE. Materials used in this research are Breadboard, Arduino Uno, Peltier TEC1-12706, DS18B20 Sensor, Jumper Cable, Heatsink, Fan, 1 channel Relay, Power supply, LCD, and Styrofoam Box. The tool that had been tested for performance was then tested by operating the cooler box. Testing the tool aimed to determine the ability of the cooler to reach the desired temperature. Based on the functionality validation test, it was found that X=1 which means the cooler in the broccoli vegetable storage box is declared to be functioning properly. The DS1820B sensor used in this study got a % error value of 1.19% which means the temperature sensor can work well. The cooler box has the fastest ability to reach a temperature of 15oC in 10 minutes 09 seconds with a power of 12 W. The cost required for a cooler for 1 (one) day is cheaper than a showcase, which only costs Rp. 2,336.

Production and Screening of Streptomyces-Extracellular Chitinase

The aim of this research was to produce Streptomyces-extracellular chitinase and screen its antifungal activity on a clinically isolated Candida albicans. The Streptomyces were isolated from an agricultural farmland; they were identified and screened for the chitinase production. Effects of time, temperature, pH and nitrogen sources on the chitinase production were determined using standard methods. Ammonium sulphate precipitation was used to partially purify the chitinase. Protein concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically using bovine serum albumin as standard. Agar-well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the chitinase on C. albicans. The isolated Streptomyces were of three (3) strains, and all the strains are Gram positive, catalase positive, oxidase positive while, Strain A and C are indole positive and only Strain B is citrate positive. The maximum chitinase production was at 72 h, 40°C and when yeast extract was used as the nitrogen source. Ammonium sulphate (80%) precipitation yielded the highest enzyme activity of 39.0U/ml. The maximum enzyme activity was observed at temperature of 40oC, pH 5.5 and 1.0% colloidal chitin (substrate). The partially purified chitinase showed a zone of inhibition of 20.11 ± 1.26 mm against the Candida albicans. This result has no significant difference (P>0.05) when compared with that of the standard drug (Fluconazole) with 21.42 ± 0.08 mm zone of inhibition. These findings suggest that Streptomyces at favourable conditions produce chitinase, and this enzyme can be used as an antifungal agent on Candida albicans and other chitin containing fungi.