scholarly journals Linguistic diversity on the internet: Arabic, Chinese and Cyrillic script top-level domain names

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 961-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Undrah B. Baasanjav
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Names

Beyond the Digital Divide

2013 ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Undrah Buyan Baasanjav
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Aid Dependency ◽  
Global Digital Divide ◽  
Internet Development

This chapter explores the interplay between society and Internet technology in the context of the developing former socialist country of Mongolia. This chapter goes beyond questions of access to the Internet and explores three factors of the global digital divide. First, this chapter explores how language factors such as non-Roman domain names and the use of the Cyrillic alphabet exacerbate the digital divide in the impoverished country of Mongolia. ICANN's initiation of international domain names is an initial development toward achieving linguistic diversity on the Internet. Second, this chapter explores how post-communist settings and foreign investment and aid dependency afflict Internet development. A rapid economic growth in Mongolia has increased access to mobile phones, computers, and the Internet; however, the influx of foreign capital poured into the mining, construction, and telecommunication sectors frequently comes in non-concessional terms raising concerns over the public debt in Mongolia.

Global Digital Divide

2012 ◽  
pp. 210-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Undrahbuyan Baasanjav
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Aid Dependency ◽  
Global Digital Divide ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Internet Development ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter explores several factors of the global digital divide in the former socialist country of Mongolia. By analyzing manifest media content on the Internet, as well as by interviewing people involved in Internet development, this chapter goes beyond the question of access to the Internet and asks how language factors exacerbate the digital divide in an impoverished country. Initiating non-Western alphabet domain names and setting culturally inclusive non-Western alphabet standards have been important steps in achieving linguistic diversity on the Internet and overcoming the global digital divide in countries like Mongolia. Furthermore, this chapter explores how a post-communist political setting, aid dependency, and international organizations influence Internet development. The analysis of in-depth interviews provides nuanced explanation of the socialist legacy that is traced in institutional routines, people’s attitudes, and social practices.

icann’s New Generic Top-Level Domain Names Dispute Resolution Procedure Viewed Against the Protection of the Public Interest of the Internet Community: Litigation Regarding Health-Related Strings

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vezzani
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

icann’s decision to liberalize the market for Internet Generic Top-Level Domain Names has been giving rise to many concerns, related in particular to the registration of health-related strings, which may favour fraud and the dissemination of misleading health information. However, a very sophisticated mechanism has been put into place by icann, intended to prevent the registration of strings which face opposition from a significant portion of the community they purportedly aim to serve, or which are contrary to generally accepted principles related to morality and public order. Tailored after the model of commercial arbitration, icann rules of procedure are noteworthy in that they give standing to all interested Internet users and to an Independent Objector. Though underlining some of its procedural deficiencies, this article emphasizes the importance of the icann mechanism in the “constitutionalization” of the Internet. It also discusses the contribution of icann expert panels to international human rights discourse, as illustrated by the expert panel determinations walking the tightrope between freedom of expression and the right to health.

Structure and Organization of the Domain Name System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Bettinger
Keyword(s):  
Host Computer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Name System ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Global Regulation ◽  
Ip Address ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
System P ◽  
Administrative Tasks

Although the Internet has no cross-organizational, financial, or operational management responsible for the entire Internet, certain administrative tasks are coordinated centrally. Among the most important organizational tasks that require global regulation is the management of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and their corresponding domain names. The IP address consists of an existing 32 bit (IP4) or 128 bit (IP6) sequence of digits and is the actual physical network address by which routing on the Internet takes place and which will ensure that the data packets reach the correct host computer.

Multilingualism and Technology: A Review of Developments in Digital Communication from Monolingualism to Idiolingualism

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Helen Kelly-Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
New Phase

AbstractThe focus in this article is on the evolution of language and technology in relation to multilingualism, in particular on how multilingual provision has developed in tandem with the development of the internet and the World Wide Web (WWW). In trying to understand how multilingualism has evolved, it is also necessary to understand how the technical aspects of digital technology as well as the politico-economic dimensions to that technology have changed. Four distinct periods emerge in the development: monolingualism, multilingualism, hyperlingualism, and idiolingualism. Monolingualism covers the origins of the internet and later the WWW as monolingual spaces. This was followed by a long period that charts the slow but gradual development of increased language provision and what I am terming “partial multilingualism.” Multilingualism expanded substantially, potentially limitlessly, with the development of Web 2.0. This has involved the diversification of online spaces to the point of “hyperlingualism.” I argue that we are still in this hyperlingual phase, but alongside it, a new phase is developing, that of “idiolingualism” as a result of mass linguistic customization. In this article, I discuss these phases, paying attention to both their technical and economic contexts, as well as their implications for linguistic diversity online and in wider society.

Online Brands and Trademark Conflicts: A Hegelian Perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Spinello
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Reasonable Person ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Consumer Confusion ◽  
Trademark Dilution ◽  
Online Brands ◽  
Free Speech Rights

Abstract:The Internet presents opportunities for corporations to efficiently build their brands online and to enhance their global reach. But there are threats as well as opportunities, since anti-branding and free-riding activities are easier in cyberspace. One such threat is the unauthorized incorporation of a trademark into a domain name. This can lead to trademark dilution and cause consumer confusion. But some users claim a right to use these trademarks for the purpose of parody or criticism. Underlying these trademark conflicts is the familiar tension between property rights and free speech rights. While some trademark scholars are reluctant to consider a trademark as property, we find strong support for the property paradigm in Hegel’s philosophy. Assuming that a trademark is an earned property right, we propose that a trademark owner should be allowed to control the permutations of its trademark incorporated into domain names unless a reasonable person would not confuse that domain name with the company’s mark. But we also conclude that there must be latitude to employ a domain name for negative editorial comment, so long as the source and purpose of that domain name is plainly apparent.

Methods for Combating Unfair Competition in the Intellectual Property Market in Russia and Abroad

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Olga Nicolaevna BYKOVA ◽  
Andrey Petrovich GARNOV ◽  
Marina Valentinovna MILONOVA ◽  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna TROKHOVA ◽  
Lada Victorovna PROGUNOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Verbal Description ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
International Registry ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose: to reveal the characteristics of unfair competition in the intellectual property market in the Russian Federation and abroad and propose measures to combat such competition. Main results: Recommendations are presented for improving the methods for combating unfair competition in the intellectual property market. The authors propose methods which can be implemented by means of copyright protection both in the market as a whole and on the Internet, by combating trademark and service mark infringers. Besides, in order to curb unfair competition in the market, possible methods are proposed for changing the registration of domain names that allow protecting rights on the Internet. Main conclusions: In practice, there is a problem when declaring goods that contain intellectual property items). There is no registry making it possible to search for content, and search using graphic images is also difficult. In order to reduce unfair competition, it is proposed to improve the filling procedure by adding a column indicating the international registry, as well as to create a separate registry with a verbal description of images to facilitate the search. In accordance with this system, it is necessary to improve it regarding errors that are often made when filling out forms. At present, a single mistake can become a reason why the item is not selected. Solving these problems can increase control and effectiveness in terms of intellectual property protection. In most countries, unfair competition is prohibited at the legislative level. However, with the development of economic relations, the methods of unfair competition are continuously improving and becoming more and more subtle and sophisticated.

Global linguistic diversity for the internet

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The Internet

scholarly journals A Lightweight Hybrid Detection Method for Botnet

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 960-969
Author(s):  
Wei Ma ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Jiguang Wang ◽  
Qianyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Botnet Detection ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Signature Detection ◽  
Hybrid Detection ◽  
Domain Name Server ◽  
Great Damage

Botnet is a serious threat for the Internet and it has created great damage to the Internet. How to detect botnet has become an ongoing endeavor research. Series of methods have been discussed in recent research. However, one of the remaining challenges is that the high computational overhead. In this paper, a lightweight hybrid botnet detection method is proposed. Considering the features in the botnet data packets and the characteristic of employing DGA (Domain Generation Algorithm) domain names to connect to the botnet, two sensors are designed and deployed individually and parallelly. Signature detection is used on the gateway sensor to dig out known bot software and deep learning based techniques are used on the DNS (Domain Name Server) server sensor to find DGA domain names. With this method, the computational overhead would be shared by the two sensors and experiments are conducted and the results indicate that the method is effective in detecting botnet

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