Factors affecting pre-ovulatory follicle diameter in the mare: the effect of mare age, season and presence of other ovulatory follicles (multiple ovulation)

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1241-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.G. Davies Morel ◽  
J.R. Newcombe ◽  
K. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

scholarly journals Correlation between Pre-Ovulatory Follicle Diameter and Follicular Fluid Metabolome Profiles in Lactating Beef Cows

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Casey C. Read ◽  
Lannett Edwards ◽  
Neal Schrick ◽  
Justin D. Rhinehart ◽  
Rebecca R. Payton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Embryo Cleavage ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Induced ovulation of small pre-ovulatory follicles reduced pregnancy rates, embryo survival, day seven embryo quality, and successful embryo cleavage in beef cows undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination. RNA-sequencing of oocytes and associated cumulus cells collected from pre-ovulatory follicles 23 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration to induce the pre-ovulatory gonadotropin surge suggested reduced capacity for glucose metabolism in cumulus cells of follicles ≤11.7 mm. We hypothesized that the follicular fluid metabolome influences metabolic capacity of the cumulus-oocyte complex and contributes to reduced embryo cleavage and quality grade observed following induced ovulation of small follicles. Therefore, we performed a study to determine the correlation between pre-ovulatory follicle diameter and follicular fluid metabolome profiles in lactating beef cows (Angus, n = 130). We synchronized the development of a pre-ovulatory follicle and collected the follicular contents approximately 20 h after GnRH administration. We then performed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography—high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) metabolomic studies on 43 follicular fluid samples and identified 38 metabolites within pre-ovulatory follicles of increasing size. We detected 18 metabolites with a significant, positive correlation to follicle diameter. Individual and pathway enrichment analysis of significantly correlated metabolites suggest that altered glucose and amino acid metabolism likely contribute to reduced developmental competence of oocytes when small pre-ovulatory follicles undergo induced ovulation.

scholarly journals Effect of presynchronization prior to Ovsynch on ovulatory response to first GnRH, ovulatory follicle diameter and pregnancy per AI in multiparous Holstein cows during summer in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essa Dirandeh ◽  
Reza Masoumi ◽  
Masood Didarkhah ◽  
Farhad Samadian ◽  
Navid Dadashpour Davachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

AbstractThe aim was to evaluate the effect of presynchronization with GnRH and PGF2α prior to Ovsynch on ovulatory response to first GnRH, diameter of largest follicle at TAI and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in multiparous dairy cows during summer. Cows (n=1069) were randomly assigned to one of three timed-AI (TAI) protocols. The TAI protocols were: 1) Ovsynch (O; n=425), GnRH- 7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-16h-TAI), 2) double-Ovsynch (DO; n=302), GnRH-7d-PGF2α-3d-GnRH and Ovsynch was initiated 7 days later, and 3) G7G-Ovsynch (G7G; n=342), PGF2α-2d-GnRH and Ovsynch was initiated 7 days later. Ovarian examinations were performed by transrectal ultrasonography during Ovsynch to determine ovulatory response to first GnRH and diameter of largest follicle at TAI. Presynchronization increased ovulatory response after first GnRH of Ovsynch (P=0.001), which was greater in DO (74.0%) and G7G (76.0%) groups compared to O group (50.0%). Means (±SEM) diameter (mm) of largest follicle at TAI was smaller in cows presynchronized before Ovsynch (DO and G7G, overall 15.7±0.3) compared to that in cows subjected to a standard Ovsynch without presynchronization (18.5±0.42). P/AI at 32 d after Al was greater (P=0.001) in G7G (32.7%) and DO (31.1%) groups compared to Ovsynch (19.7%) group. Presynchronization prior to Ovsynch also affected P/AI at 60 and 150 d after AI (P<0.05). In conclusion, DO and G7G protocols resulted in greater ovulatory response to first GnRH, smaller ovulatory follicles and greater P/AI compared to a standard Ovsynch protocol. Therefore, TAI protocols that include a presynchronization with GnRH and PGF2α prior to Ovsynch should be used in multiparous cows during summer to achieve acceptable reproductive performance.

Behavioural, follicular and hormonal characteristics of the oestrous cycle of Mexican Criollo cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quezada-Casasola ◽  
L. Avendaño-Reyes ◽  
J. A. Ramírez-Godínez ◽  
U. Macías-Cruz ◽  
A. Correa-Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Ovarian Dynamics

The objective of the present study was to describe the behavioural, ovarian and hormonal characteristics of the oestrous cycle of Criollo cattle. Twenty-two cycling cows subjected to oestrus synchronisation were used to take blood samples every 4 h, to determine luteinising hormone (LH) until ovulation was detected by ultrasound and then every 24 h until the subsequent naturally occurring ovulation to determine progesterone concentrations. At the onset of synchronised oestrus, ovaries were examined by ultrasound every 8 h to determine dominant follicles until ovulation was detected, and daily afterwards to observe ovarian dynamics until the onset of the subsequent spontaneous behavioural oestrus. Time from oestrus to ovulation was higher in synchronised than in spontaneous oestrus (P < 0.01). Time from LH surge to ovulation was 40.5 h. When two- and three-wave cycles were compared, inter-ovulatory intervals were similar, growth rate of the preovulatory follicle was lower in two-wave cycles, time from onset of ovulatory wave to ovulation was higher in cycles with two waves and time from oestrus to ovulation was higher in three-wave cycles (P < 0.01). Corpus luteum volume averaged 1.3 cm3 and progesterone concentration peaked at an average 6.5 ng/mL. LH peak averaged 33.5 ng/mL during oestrus in all cows. Ovulatory follicle diameter ranged from 8 to 12 mm in either two- or three-wave cycles. Results suggested that overall times from oestrus and LH peak to ovulation are longer in Criollo cows than those in other breeds. This, along with information about growth rate, size and age of ovulatory follicles, may have implications for reviewing the optimum time for artificial insemination and how reproductive technologies are applied to Criollo cattle.

Factors affecting the size of ovulatory follicles and conception rate in high-yielding dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mokhtari ◽  
M. Kafi ◽  
M.J. Zamiri ◽  
R. Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Effects of Beta-carotene Administration on Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Karakaya Bilen ◽  
Gülnaz Yılmazbaş Mecitoglu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Β Carotene

Background: Beta-(β-) carotene, is the precursor to vitamin A, in particular, has some potential benefits on reproduction. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of β-carotene administration on fertility following either prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows.Methods: Cows with at 47±3 postpartum days were divided into two groups: β-carotene group (βC, n=139) was treated with injectable β-carotene while untreated cows served as control (CON, n=227). In both groups, PGF was administered and heatmount detectors were applied at 54±3 days postpartum. Cows detected in estrus after PGF were inseminated. Cows that had not been detected in estrus were divided into two groups 7 days after PGF administration; βC-OVS (n=137) and CON-OVS (n=89). Ovsynch protocol was initiated 4 days after β-carotene administration.Result: The estrus detection rate was similar between the βC and CON groups (P = 0.19). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on d 31 was also similar between groups (P = 0.93). In the Ovsynch protocol, ovulation to the first GnRH and ovulatory follicle diameter at the time of insemination did not differ between groups. No difference was observed in P/AI at d 31 (P = 0.13). The results of this study indicated that β-carotene administration had no effect on fertility either PGF induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows. 

Elements of functional genital asymmetry in the cow

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Trigal ◽  
C. Díez ◽  
M. Muñoz ◽  
J. N. Caamaño ◽  
F. Goyache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Uterine Proteins

Asymmetry in the cow affects ovarian function and pregnancy. In this work we studied ovarian and uterine asymmetry. Synchronised animals, in which in vitro-produced embryos (n = 30–60) had been transferred on Day 5 to the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL), were flushed on Day 8. Ovulatory follicle diameter, oestrus response and total protein flushed did not differ between sides. However, a corpus luteum in the right ovary led to plasma progesterone concentrations that were higher than when it was present in the left ovary. Fewer embryos were recovered from the left than the right horn. Among 60 uterine proteins identified by difference gel electrophoresis, relative abundance of nine (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain; twinfilin, actin-binding protein, homologue 1; enolase 1; pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (rabbit); complement factor B Bb fragment ; albumin; fibrinogen gamma-B chain; and ezrin differed (P < 0.05) between horns. Glucose concentration was higher, and fructose concentration lower, in the left horn. In a subsequent field trial, pregnancy rates after embryo transfer did not differ between horns (51.0 ± 3.6, right vs 53.2 ± 4.7, left). However, Day 7 blood progesterone concentrations differed (P = 0.018) between pregnant and open animals in the left (15.9 ± 1.7 vs 8.3 ± 1.2) but not in the right horn (12.4 ± 1.3 vs 12.4 ± 1.2). Progesterone effects were independent of CL quality (P = 0.55). Bilateral genital tract asymmetry in the cow affects progesterone, proteins and hexoses without altering pregnancy rates.

scholarly journals Equine pituitary extract obtained during summer improves follicular dynamics of mares during autumnal transition period

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e751974730
Author(s):  
Edmee Aparecida Fleury Curado ◽  
Rodrigo Arruda de Oliveira ◽  
Isabelle Matos Macedo ◽  
Joel Phillipe Costa e Souza ◽  
Thais Poltronieri dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

To compare follicular dynamics after treatment with low doses of equine pituitary extract obtained during winter and summer and to study the relationship between follicular dynamic and environmental parameters, 21 mares were evaluated to follow follicular dynamic and ovulation, from the final of the spring transitional up to the beginning of autumnal transitional period. Mares were randomly designed to one of three treatments: Equine Pituitary Extract from summer (EPE-S), Equine Pituitary Extract from winter (EPE-W) or saline (Control). Treatments were repeated twice: March/2017, after autumnal equinox and April/2017. Temperature, humidity, solar radiation and hours/ light/day were recorded and Temperature Humidity Index (THI) was calculated. Pre-ovulatory follicles reached the greatest diameter (40.7 mm) in December (p<0.05), following the increase in light/hours/day. The smallest pre-ovulatory follicles were verified in February (34.6 mm) and March (35.0 mm) (p>0.05). After EPE, days for ovulation differed, as well as the diameter of pre-ovulatory follicles (p<0.05). EPE-W showed similar follicular dynamics as Control, ovulating smaller follicles (p<0.05) and later (p<0.05) than EPE-S. Temperature and solar radiation did not differ (p>0.05), but humidity and THI differed (p<0.05). THI was not correlated to the diameter of pre-ovulatory follicles (p=0.37), diameter of subordinate follicles (p=0.80), or number/ follicles per ovulatory wave (p=0.98). In conclusion, daylight duration influenced ovarian function; low doses of EPE-S improvede follicular growth and ovulation rate during autumnal transition period of mares; pre-ovulatory follicle diameter increased from the spring to summer, but the time required to reach ovulation decreased.

scholarly journals Evaluation of forage soybean, with and without pearl millet, as an alternative for beef replacement heifers1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
E. G. Taylor ◽  
P. J. Gunn ◽  
L. A. Horstman ◽  
R. L. Atkinson ◽  
K. Herron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle

Abstract Apparent ruminal digestibility of forage soybean-based silages, with and without pearl millet, was determined along with evaluation of silages on heifer performance and reproductive function. Fermenters were utilized in a Latin square design and randomly assigned to 1 of the following treatments: 1) control diet of alfalfa haylage (CON), 2) soybean silage (SB) or 3) soybean and pearl millet silage (SB×PM). All diets were formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements of replacement beef heifers targeted to gain 0.79 kg/d. These same diets were fed to 90 Angus-Simmental beef replacement heifers [body weight (BW) = 366 kg; body condition score (BCS) = 5.53; age = 377 ± 11 d] 65 d prior to timed artificial insemination (TAI). Heifers were randomly allotted by breed, BCS and BW to 1 of the 3 treatments, with 3 reps/treatment. Diets were terminated 21 d post-TAI and heifers were commingled and placed on a common diet. Pubertal status was determined by progesterone concentrations of 2 blood samples taken 10 d apart prior to both trial initiation as well as initiation of estrous synchronization. Ovulatory follicle diameter was determined at time of breeding by ultrasonography. Pregnancy diagnosis was accomplished 35 and 66 d post-TAI, respectively, to calculate TAI and end of season pregnancy rates. Neither SB nor SB×PM had an effect (P &gt; 0.37) on apparent ruminal digestion of nutrients compared to the CON. Final BW (414 kg; P ≥ 0.10) and BCS (5.28; P ≥ 0.26) for the heifers were similar among treatments. Likewise, there were no differences in TAI (48%; P &gt; 0.43) or overall breeding season (93%; P &gt; 0.99) pregnancy rates. Ovulatory follicle diameters (11.7 mm) was not different (P &gt; 0.19) among treatments. In summary, forage soybean-based silages, with and without pearl millet, was an acceptable alternative forage for developing replacement beef heifers.

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