Risk factors for recurrent events in subjects with superficial vein thrombosis in the randomized clinical trial SteFlux (Superficial Thromboembolism Fluxum)

Key Points Superficial vein thrombosis combined with an acquired thrombotic risk factor increases the risk of venous thrombosis 10- to 100-fold. If confirmed, these findings have important implications for the future prevention of venous thrombosis.

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Venous thromboembolism

Obstetric Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198821540.003.0010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 363-372

Author(s):

Charlotte Frise ◽

Sally Collins

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

Maternal Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Deep Vein

Venous thromboembolism is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. This chapter discusses thromboprophylaxis (including low-molecular-weight heparin and doses by patient weight), risk factors, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, associated investigations, and management. Anticoagulants and bleeding while anticoagulated are both covered. Finally, superficial vein thrombosis in the first month postpartum is described.

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Superficial vein thrombosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment

Current Opinion in Internal Medicine ◽

10.1097/00132980-200312000-00010 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 603-607

Author(s):

Herve Decousus ◽

Magali Epinat ◽

Karine Guillot ◽

Sara Quenet ◽

Christian Boissier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Thrombosis Risk ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

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Progress of local symptoms of superficial vein thrombosis vs. duplex findings

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526.33.4.219 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Górski ◽

Noszczyk ◽

Kostewicz ◽

Szopinski ◽

Kielar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Prospective Multicenter Study ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Study Progress ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

Deep Vein

Background: Risk of subsequent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is not fully appreciated. Mechanisms, time relations and risk factors for DVT arising upon earlier SVT remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze time relations between local symptoms of lower limb superficial vein thrombosis, duplex findings and onset of deep vein thrombosis during clinically evident course of SVT. Patients and methods: 46 patients with early (onset less than 72 hours prior to inclusion) clinical diagnosis of SVT, confirmed ultrasonographically were included in this prospective, multicenter study. Progress of pain, erythema and swelling in relation to subsequent ultrasound changes in size and localization of thrombus at 0, 7, 14 and 21 day of study has been recorded. Results: Local symptoms subsided completely during 3 weeks. At that time thrombus disappeared completely only in 26% of cases, in remaining cases decreased in size from average 117.5 mm to 43.0 mm. Thrombus regression was similar to venous blood outflow direction – proximal to femoral area. Thrombus propagation was observed following regression of local symptoms of SVT. 4 cases of DVT (8.7%) were diagnosed at 2–11 days. Conclusions: Local, clinically detectable symptoms of SVT regress incomparably quicker than thrombus in affected veins. Risk of further thrombus propagation extends well beyond the period of intensive local symptoms of SVT. Regression of thrombus in femoral area requires significantly more time than in popliteal or calf segment. Thrombus propagation is directed with blood flow towards femoral segment.

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O-109 Risk Factors and Frequency of Recurrent Venous Thrombo-Embolism After Superficial Vein Thrombosis

EJVES Vascular Forum ◽

10.1016/j.ejvsvf.2021.10.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 43-44

Author(s):

Chrysanthi Papageorgopoulou ◽

Stavros Kakkos ◽

Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos ◽

Ioannis Ntouvas ◽

Spyros Papadoulas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

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Diagnosis and treatment of superficial vein thrombosis

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.5482/hamo-13-04-0027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (03) ◽

pp. 232-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. M. Bauersachs

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Common Disease ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Thromboembolic Complications ◽

Double Blind ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

SummarySuperficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is a common disease, characterized by an inflammatory- thrombotic process in a superficial vein. Typical clinical findings are pain and a warm, tender, reddish cord along the vein. Until recently, no reliable epidemiological data were available. The incidence is estimated to be higher than that of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) (1/1000). SVT shares many risk factors with DVT, but affects twice as many women than men and frequently occurs in varicose veins. Clinically, SVT extension is commonly underestimated, and patients may have asymptomatic DVT. Therefore, ultrasound assessment and exclusion of DVT is essential. Risk factors for concomitant DVT are recent hospitalization, immobilization, autoimmune disorders, age > 75 years, prior VTE, cancer and SVT in non-varicose veins. Even though most patients with isolated SVT (without concomitant DVT or PE) are commonly treated with anticoagulation for a median of 15 days, about 8% experience symptomatic thromboembolic complications within three months. Risk factors for occurrence of complications are male gender, history of VTE, cancer, SVT in a non-varicose vein or SVT involving the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ). As evidence supporting treatment of isolated SVT was sparse and of poor quality, the large, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled CALISTO trial was initiated assessing the effect of fondaparinux on symptomatic outcomes in isolated SVT. This study showed that, compared with placebo, 2.5 mg fondaparinux given for 45 days reduced the risk of symptomatic thromboembolic complications by 85% without increasing bleeding. Based on CALISTO and other observational studies, evidence-based recommendations can be made for the majority of SVT patients. Further studies can now be performed in higher risk patients to address unresolved issues.

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Superficial Vein Thrombosis: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-2006-951459 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 737-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Antonio Marchiori ◽

Laura Mosena ◽

Paolo Prandoni

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Thrombosis Risk ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

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Risk factors for superficial vein thrombosis in patients with primary chronic venous disease

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000497 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 63-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dalibor Musil ◽

Marketa Kaletova ◽

Jiri Herman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Chronic Venous Disease ◽

Venous Disease ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

History Of ◽

Primary Chronic Venous Disease

Abstract. Background: Primary chronic venous disease (CVD) is associated with an increased risk of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT). While CVD is a predominant factor in SVT, there is a range of additional predisposing factors. The objective was to investigate the association between age, gender, BMI, smoking, oestrogen hormone therapy, family history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and CEAP clinical classification in patients with CVD and a history of SVT. Patients and methods: In a retrospective observational study on consecutive patients with primary CVD, 641 outpatients were enrolled (152 men, 23.7 %; 489 women, 76.3 %). The prevalence of SVT was evaluated according to age, BMI, smoking, presence of family history of VTE, use of hormone therapy, and clinical class of CVD. Results: Risk of SVT was significantly increased in women (OR 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.02 - 2.76; p = 0.041), older patients (46 - 69 years, OR 1.57, 95% CI = 1.03 - 2.4; p = 0.036, ≥ 70 years, OR 2.93, 95 % CI = 1.5 - 5.76; p = 0.001), smokers (OR 1.69, 95 % CI = 1.1 - 2.58; p = 0.015) and in persons with first-degree siblings diagnosed with VTE (OR 2,28, 95 % CI = 1.28 - 4.05; p = 0.004). The risk was significantly increased in older male smokers (p - 0.042). In women, smoking and oestrogen therapy (p = 0.495) did not increase the risk of SVT even older women or in those with increased BMI. In CVD (C0 - C3), a history of episodes of SVT was found in 103/550 (18.7 %), in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in 27/91 (29.7 %). There was a significantly higher prevalence of SVT in patients with CVI (OR 1.70, 95% CI = 1.1 - 2.5; p = 0.016). Conclusions: In patients with primary CVD, SVT was significantly associated with female gender. In men, older age, smoking and positive family history of VTE were relevant SVT risk factors. In women, risk factors were older age, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and positive family history of VTE. Compared with C0 - C3 clinical classes, CVI significantly increases the risk of SVT.

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