Risk factors for superficial vein thrombosis in patients with primary chronic venous disease

Abstract. Background: Primary chronic venous disease (CVD) is associated with an increased risk of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT). While CVD is a predominant factor in SVT, there is a range of additional predisposing factors. The objective was to investigate the association between age, gender, BMI, smoking, oestrogen hormone therapy, family history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and CEAP clinical classification in patients with CVD and a history of SVT. Patients and methods: In a retrospective observational study on consecutive patients with primary CVD, 641 outpatients were enrolled (152 men, 23.7 %; 489 women, 76.3 %). The prevalence of SVT was evaluated according to age, BMI, smoking, presence of family history of VTE, use of hormone therapy, and clinical class of CVD. Results: Risk of SVT was significantly increased in women (OR 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.02 - 2.76; p = 0.041), older patients (46 - 69 years, OR 1.57, 95% CI = 1.03 - 2.4; p = 0.036, ≥ 70 years, OR 2.93, 95 % CI = 1.5 - 5.76; p = 0.001), smokers (OR 1.69, 95 % CI = 1.1 - 2.58; p = 0.015) and in persons with first-degree siblings diagnosed with VTE (OR 2,28, 95 % CI = 1.28 - 4.05; p = 0.004). The risk was significantly increased in older male smokers (p - 0.042). In women, smoking and oestrogen therapy (p = 0.495) did not increase the risk of SVT even older women or in those with increased BMI. In CVD (C0 - C3), a history of episodes of SVT was found in 103/550 (18.7 %), in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in 27/91 (29.7 %). There was a significantly higher prevalence of SVT in patients with CVI (OR 1.70, 95% CI = 1.1 - 2.5; p = 0.016). Conclusions: In patients with primary CVD, SVT was significantly associated with female gender. In men, older age, smoking and positive family history of VTE were relevant SVT risk factors. In women, risk factors were older age, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and positive family history of VTE. Compared with C0 - C3 clinical classes, CVI significantly increases the risk of SVT.

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The risk of venous thrombosis in individuals with a history of superficial vein thrombosis and acquired venous thrombotic risk factors

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2013-07-518159 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (26) ◽

pp. 4264-4269 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Rachel E. J. Roach ◽

Willem M. Lijfering ◽

Astrid van Hylckama Vlieg ◽

Frans M. Helmerhorst ◽

Frits R. Rosendaal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Thrombotic Risk ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Thrombotic Risk Factor ◽

Key Points ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

History Of

Key Points Superficial vein thrombosis combined with an acquired thrombotic risk factor increases the risk of venous thrombosis 10- to 100-fold. If confirmed, these findings have important implications for the future prevention of venous thrombosis.

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Venous thromboembolism – prevalence and risk factors in chronic venous disease patients

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/0268355516633392 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dalibor Musil ◽

Markéta Kaletová ◽

Jiří Herman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Family History ◽

Hormone Therapy ◽

Chronic Venous Disease ◽

Venous Disease ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Obese People ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Aims This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with chronic venous disease and the impact of some intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Methods A retrospective study on 641 outpatients (489 women) with primary chronic venous disease (C0–C6). The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was evaluated according to sex, age, BMI, the presence of ≥1 first-degree siblings diagnosed with venous thromboembolism, CEAP clinical class, smoking and the use of hormone therapy. Results Venous thromboembolism episodes occurred in 32 patients (5%) with no gender predominance (OR 1.49, 95% CI = 0.90–2.45; p = 0.146). There was no increased RR of venous thromboembolism in the age group 46–69 years compared with patients aged ≤45 years ( p = 0.350). In persons aged ≥70 years, the risk of venous thromboembolism was 3.2 times higher than in patients aged 46–69 years and 4.78 times higher than in patients aged ≤45 years. The risk of venous thromboembolism rose very significantly in obese compared with normostenic patients ( p = 0.002). There were significantly more venous thromboembolism episodes in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (55.3%) than patients with varicose veins (44.7%) ( p < 0.001). A family history of venous thromboembolism ( p = 0.12), smoking ( p = 0.905) and hormone therapy ( p = 0.326) were not associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Smoking was a risk factor in obese patients ( p = 0.033), but the combination of obesity, smoking, estrogens in women did not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. Conclusions The 5% prevalence of venous thromboembolism episodes in patients was comparable with the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in the general European population. Age ≥70 years and obesity were strongly associated with an occurrence of venous thromboembolism. Obese patients with chronic venous disease were at higher risk for venous thromboembolism than obese people in the general population. A family history of venous thromboembolism, smoking and estrogens alone or in combination were not revealed as significant risk factors.

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Study of risk factors and its correlation with constraint induced movement therapy for atherosclerosis in patients of coronary artery disease and their offspring

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20200656 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 446

Author(s):

Venugopal Margekar ◽

Shweta Thakur ◽

O. P. Jatav ◽

Pankaj Yadav

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Control Group ◽

Medical College ◽

Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽

Group Data ◽

History Of ◽

Artery Disease

Background: A significant percent of cardiovascular event occurs without well-known modifiable risk. A new tool for early identification for atherosclerosis is required for early intervention. Aims and objectives of the study was to study the risk factors for CAD and its correlation with CIMT.Methods: One hundred and forty subjects were studied for the risk factors of CAD in Department of Medicine of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior from 2012 to 2013. Out of 140 subjects, 100 were patients having CAD and 40 age matched subjects were included as control group. Data was also recorded from their offspring. High resolution B mode ultrasonography was performed to assess CIMT of carotid arteries. The maximum CIMT of any one side of carotid artery was taken for study.Results: CAD was more prevalent among males (78%). Majority of the offspring of cases had age between 28-42 years and majority were male (73%). Most common risk factors for CAD was dyslipidemia (48%), hypertension (24%), diabetes (12%) and smoking (21%), whereas in offspring’s of CAD patients, dyslipidemia was seen in 28%, hypertension in 3%, diabetes and tobacco smoking in 12% and 24% respectively. The CIMT of CAD patients was significantly increased with increasing the number of risk factors and the same pattern was also seen in controls. The CIMT of asymptomatic offspring’s having positive family history was significantly more than the asymptomatic offspring without positive family history of CAD.Conclusions: CIMT measurements can be used as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis as it has showed a direct link with number of risk factors of CAD.

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Parkinson’s disease determinants, prediction and gene–environment interactions in the UK Biobank

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2020-323646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (10) ◽

pp. 1046-1054 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Benjamin Meir Jacobs ◽

Daniel Belete ◽

Jonathan Bestwick ◽

Cornelis Blauwendraat ◽

Sara Bandres-Ciga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Gene Environment ◽

History Of

ObjectiveTo systematically investigate the association of environmental risk factors and prodromal features with incident Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis and the interaction of genetic risk with these factors. To evaluate whether existing risk prediction algorithms are improved by the inclusion of genetic risk scores.MethodsWe identified individuals with an incident diagnosis of PD (n=1276) and controls (n=500 406) in UK Biobank. We determined the association of risk factors with incident PD using adjusted logistic regression models. We constructed polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using external weights and selected the best PRS from a subset of the cohort (30%). The PRS was used in a separate testing set (70%) to examine gene–environment interactions and compare predictive models for PD.ResultsStrong evidence of association (false discovery rate <0.05) was found between PD and a positive family history of PD, a positive family history of dementia, non-smoking, low alcohol consumption, depression, daytime somnolence, epilepsy and earlier menarche. Individuals with the highest 10% of PRSs had increased risk of PD (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.41 to 4.70) compared with the lowest risk decile. A higher PRS was associated with earlier age at PD diagnosis and inclusion of the PRS in the PREDICT-PD algorithm led to a modest improvement in model performance. We found evidence of an interaction between the PRS and diabetes.InterpretationHere, we used UK Biobank data to reproduce several well-known associations with PD, to demonstrate the validity of a PRS and to demonstrate a novel gene–environment interaction, whereby the effect of diabetes on PD risk appears to depend on background genetic risk for PD.

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A retrospective study on breast cancer presentation, risk factors, and protective factors in patients with a positive family history of breast cancer

The Breast Journal ◽

10.1111/tbj.13520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 469-473

Author(s):

Ying Yi Liaw ◽

Foong Shiang Loong ◽

Suzanne Tan ◽

Sze Yun On ◽

Evelyn Khaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Family History ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Positive Family History ◽

History Of

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P990Assessment of clinical risk factors for all-cause mortality among hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with ICDs

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0583 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

S Mielczarek ◽

P Syska ◽

M Lewandowski ◽

A Przybylski ◽

M Sterlinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Family History ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Icd Implantation ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

History Of ◽

End Stage

Abstract Introduction According to the literature, the annual mortality rate of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients is estimated to 1–2%. Sudden cardiac death (SCD), heart failure and thromboembolism are the main causes of death among this population. Patients at high risk for SCD, identified using HCM risk score, are qualified for ICD implantation. Unfortunately for clinicians, there is no validated model or statistical tool for assessment of the risk of mortality within the HCM patients with ICDs. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the main risk factors of all- cause mortality in HCM patients with ICDs. Methods The long-term follow-up of group of 104 consecutive patients with HCM, who had the ICD implanted between 1996 and 2006 in tertiary reference clinical unit was performed. Twenty patients who died during observation were the subject of the current analysis. ICD was implanted for primary (n=16) and secondary (n=4) prevention of SCD within this subpopulation. Analysis were performed for mentioned below potential risk factors: age at the time of implantation, syncopes, family history of SCD, atrial fibrillation/supraventricular tachycardia, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (nsVT), maximum left ventricular wall thickness, abnormal exercise blood pressure response, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Results The average time of survival since ICD implantation was 8,5±4,6 years. Decreased LVEF (Wald chi2 4,57; p=0,033), secondary prevention (Wald chi2 8,57; p=0,003), family history of SCD (Wald chi2 4,93; p=0,026) and episodes of nsVT (Wald chi2 3,49; p=0,062) are the clinical risk factors that significantly affect the time of survival. The probability of death, expressed as Hazard Ratio, was 27-fold higher in secondary prevention group (HR=27,18), almost 10-fold higher in patients with positive family history of SCD (HR=9,74) and 3,7-fold higher when nsVT was detected. The cause of death was established in 16/20 patients. In 15 cases, these were deaths from cardiovascular causes: end-stage heart failure (8), complications of heart transplantation or circulatory support (4), SCD (1) and other cardiovascular (2). Conclusion Secondary prevention, positive family history of SCD, nsVT and decreased LVEF seem to be the most significant risk factors associated with all- cause mortality in HCM patients with ICDs. Despite the ICD implantation, subpopulation studied had poor prognosis with high incidence of progression to end-stage heart failure. Further studies to create validated model for assessment of death risk in long-term observation of patients with HCM after ICD implantation are required.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Glucose Intolerance among Saudi Women with Gestational Diabetes

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/4282347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hayfaa Wahabi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Saudi Women ◽

History Of ◽

One Year

Objectives. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of glucose intolerance one year after delivery in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods. All women who had GDM and completed one year since delivery at King Khalid University Hospital were contacted to participate in the study. Based on to the American Diabetes Association criteria and the results of fasting blood glucose (FPG) and HbA1c, participants were classified into three groups: diabetic, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal. The incidence of diabetes and IGT was calculated. Clinical, biochemical, and sociodemographic predictors of glucose intolerance were compared between the three groups. Odds ratio (OR) for risk factors with P value less than 0.05 was calculated. Results. From a total 316 eligible women, 133 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. From the study participants, 58 (44%) women were normoglycemic, 60 (45%) women had IGT, and 15 (11%) women were diabetic. The odds of developing IGT or diabetes increased to nearly fourfold when women needed insulin for the control of GDM during pregnancy (OR 3.8, 95% CI 0.81–18.3, P=0.08) and to nearly one-and-a-half-fold when they have positive family history of T2DM (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.74–2.09, P=0.40). Nevertheless, none of the odds ratios was statistically significant. Conclusion. The incidence of postpartum hyperglycemia (diabetes and IGT) is very high in Saudi women with GDM. Family history of diabetes and insulin treatment of GDM may be predictors of postpartum hyperglycemia.

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HLA DQ2 HAPLOTYPE, EARLY ONSET OF GRAVES DISEASE, AND POSITIVE FAMILY HISTORY OF AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS ARE RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING CELIAC DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH GRAVES DISEASE

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.4158/ep15700.or ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 993-1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Piotr Miskiewicz ◽

Agata Gos-Zajac ◽

Alina Kurylowicz ◽

Teresa Maria Plazinska ◽

Maria Franaszczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Early Onset ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Autoimmune Disorders ◽

Graves Disease ◽

History Of ◽

Hla Dq2

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Potential risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus type 2

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1004231z ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (3-4) ◽

pp. 231-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dusica Zivanovic ◽

Sandra Sipetic ◽

Marina Stamenkovic-Radak ◽

Jelena Milasin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Diabetes Type 2 ◽

Diabetes Type ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several genes and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of risk factors for developing diabetes type 2 among diabetic individuals and to compare the presence of risk factors among diabetic individuals with and without positive family history for type 2 diabetes. Material and methods This study was conducted in Cuprija during the period from February to June 2002. The case group included 137 individuals having diagnosis type 2 diabetes. The control group included 129 subjects having the following diagnoses: hypertension, angina pectoris, chronic obstructive lung disease, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. All participants were interviewed at the Medical Center Cuprija using structural questionnaire. The data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, exposure to various chemical and physical agents, stress, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and family history of diabetes. In the statistical analysis chi square test was used. Results The diabetic individuals were statistically significantly older (40 and more years old) (p=0,000), and they came from rural areas more frequently (p=0,006) than the individuals without diabetes. Significantly more diabetics had lower educational level (p=0,000) and they were agriculture workers and housewives significantly more frequently (p=0,000) than nondiabetic individuals. Furthermore, obesity (p=0,000) and physical inactivity (p=0,003) were significantly more frequent among the diabetic individuals than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals had significanly (p=0,000) more numbers of relatives with diabetes mellitus type 2 than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals with positive family history of diabetes were significantly older (p=0,021) and more frequently from urban areas (p=0,018) than the diabetic individuals without the positive family history of diabetes. Also they were significantly less exposed to physical agents (p=0,004). Discussion In our study, like in many others, age, place of residence, education, occupation, obesity, physical inactivity, positive family history of diabetes type 2 and exposure to physical agents were identified as potential risk factors for diabetes type 2. Conclusion Different risk factors are probably responsible for developing type 2 diabetes among individuals with and without positive family history of type 2 diabetes.

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