The Significance of the Druckrey-Küpfmüller Equation for Risk Assessment - The Toxicity of Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Arthropods is Reinforced by Exposure Time

This research expects to investigate yet at domestic-dump truck driver, carry on the preliminary vibration determination. This research studies ten dump trucks in Yunlin County and precede questionnaire at the sandstone field. The ISO 2631-1:1997 and Article 301 in Taiwan’s regulation “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health” are used to evaluate tolerable exposure time per day for drivers. And in accordance with ISO 2631-5:2004 to assessment healthy risk for dump truck driver. In accordance with Article 301 of Labor Safety and Health regulation in Taiwan’s to estimate tolerable exposure time. A half tolerable exposure time present lower than 8 hours. In accordance with ISO 2631-1:1997 to estimate tolerable exposure time, no matter use equation B.1 or B.2 to calculate tri-axis compose acceleration. All tolerable exposure time present lower than 8 hours. If basis of ISO 2631-5:2004 to evaluation healthy risk for driver.

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Occurrence, variations, and risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides in Harbin section of the Songhua River, Northeast China

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.ese.2021.100128 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100128

Author(s):

Zhikun Liu ◽

Song Cui ◽

Leiming Zhang ◽

Zulin Zhang ◽

Rupert Hough ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Northeast China ◽

Songhua River ◽

Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽

The Songhua River

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A CFD Approach for Risk Assessment Based on Airborne Pathogen Transmission

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12080986 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 986

Author(s):

Hamid Motamedi Zoka ◽

Mohammad Moshfeghi ◽

Hadi Bordbar ◽

Parham A. Mirzaei ◽

Yahya Sheikhnejad

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Pathogen Transmission ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Lateral Spread ◽

Computational Domain ◽

Time Step ◽

Safety Measures ◽

Cfd Models ◽

Respiratory Events

The outbreak of COVID-19 necessitates developing reliable tools to derive safety measures, including safe social distance and minimum exposure time under different circumstances. Transient Eulerian–Lagrangian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have emerged as a viably fast and economical option. Nonetheless, these CFD models resolve the instantaneous distribution of droplets inside a computational domain, making them incapable of directly being used to assess the risk of infection as it depends on the total accumulated dosage of infecting viruses received by a new host within an exposure time. This study proposes a novel risk assessment model (RAM) to predict the temporal and spatial accumulative concentration of infectious exhaled droplets based on the bio-source’s exhalation profile and droplet distribution using the CFD results of respiratory events in various environmental conditions. Unlike the traditional approach in the bulk movement assessment of droplets’ outreach in a domain, every single droplet is traced inside the domain at each time step, and the total number of droplets passing through any arbitrary position of the domain is determined using a computational code. The performance of RAM is investigated for a series of case studies against various respiratory events where the horizontal and the lateral spread of risky zones are shown to temporarily vary rather than being fixed in space. The sensitivity of risky zones to ambient temperature and relative humidity was also addressed for sample cough and sneeze cases. This implies that the RAM provides crucial information required for defining safety measures such as safety distances or minimum exposure times in different environments.

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Combined Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, Imidacloprid, And Acetamiprid On Earthworms (Eisenia Fetida)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-794675/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miaomiao Teng ◽

Xiaoli Zhao ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Lingfeng Zhou ◽

Xiaowei Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Eisenia Fetida ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Combined Toxicity ◽

Median Lethal Concentrations ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract Mixed pesticides have been broadly used in agriculture. However, assessing the combined effects of pesticides in the environment is essential for potential risk assessment, though the task is far from complete. Median lethal concentrations of pesticides as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels and cellulose activities were measured in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) individually and jointly exposed to pesticides imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), chlorpyrifos (CRF), and abamectin (ABM)). A 3:1 mixture of CRF and IMI had additive effects, while a 3:1 mixture of CRF and ACE had synergic effects. The joint effects of ABM with IMI or with ACE were synergistic. As CRF concentration increased, AChE activities were significantly decreased. For high concentrations of IMI, AChE activities under combined CRF and IMI applications were significantly inhibited following increased exposure time. Moreover, the cellulase activities under combined applications of CRF with IMI or with ACE had similar effects. This study provides basic data for scientifically evaluating the environmental risk and safety of combined uses of pesticides.

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