The role of plant cell wall polysaccharide composition in disease resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Vorwerk ◽  
Shauna Somerville ◽  
Chris Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Polysaccharide Composition

scholarly journals The synthesis of xyloglucan, an abundant plant cell wall polysaccharide, requires CSLC function

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (33) ◽  
pp. 20316-20324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Jin Kim ◽  
Balakumaran Chandrasekar ◽  
Anne C. Rea ◽  
Linda Danhof ◽  
Starla Zemelis-Durfee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Apparent Lack

Xyloglucan (XyG) is an abundant component of the primary cell walls of most plants. While the structure of XyG has been well studied, much remains to be learned about its biosynthesis. Here we employed reverse genetics to investigate the role ofArabidopsiscellulose synthase like-C (CSLC) proteins in XyG biosynthesis. We found that single mutants containing a T-DNA in each of the fiveArabidopsis CSLCgenes had normal levels of XyG. However, higher-ordercslcmutants had significantly reduced XyG levels, and a mutant with disruptions in all fiveCSLCgenes had no detectable XyG. The higher-order mutants grew with mild tissue-specific phenotypes. Despite the apparent lack of XyG, thecslcquintuple mutant did not display significant alteration of gene expression at the whole-genome level, excluding transcriptional compensation. The quintuple mutant could be complemented by each of the fiveCSLCgenes, supporting the conclusion that each of them encodes a XyG glucan synthase. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that theCSLCgenes are widespread in the plant kingdom and evolved from an ancient family. These results establish the role of theCSLCgenes in XyG biosynthesis, and the mutants described here provide valuable tools with which to study both the molecular details of XyG biosynthesis and the role of XyG in plant cell wall structure and function.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Response Regulator 6 (ARR6) Modulates Plant Cell-Wall Composition and Disease Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bacete ◽  
Hugo Mélida ◽  
Gemma López ◽  
Patrick Dabos ◽  
Dominique Tremousaygue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The cytokinin signaling pathway, which is mediated by Arabidopsis response regulator (ARR) proteins, has been involved in the modulation of some disease-resistance responses. Here, we describe novel functions of ARR6 in the control of plant disease-resistance and cell-wall composition. Plants impaired in ARR6 function (arr6) were more resistant and susceptible, respectively, to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina and to the vascular bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, whereas Arabidopsis plants that overexpress ARR6 showed the opposite phenotypes, which further support a role of ARR6 in the modulation of disease-resistance responses against these pathogens. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that, in arr6 plants, canonical disease-resistance pathways, like those activated by defensive phytohormones, were not altered, whereas immune responses triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns were slightly enhanced. Cell-wall composition of arr6 plants was found to be severely altered compared with that of wild-type plants. Remarkably, pectin-enriched cell-wall fractions extracted from arr6 walls triggered more intense immune responses than those activated by similar wall fractions from wild-type plants, suggesting that arr6 pectin fraction is enriched in wall-related damage-associated molecular patterns, which trigger immune responses. This work supports a novel function of ARR6 in the control of cell-wall composition and disease resistance and reinforces the role of the plant cell wall in the modulation of specific immune responses.

scholarly journals PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Hao ◽  
Xiaolu Wang ◽  
Haomeng Yang ◽  
Tao Tu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Role of cytoskeleton in plant cell wall formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186
Author(s):  
Yi MAN ◽  
RuiLi LI ◽  
YuFen BU ◽  
Na SUN ◽  
YanPing JING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation

scholarly journals Sheep Digestive Physiology and Constituents of Feeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Medjekal ◽  
Mouloud Ghadbane
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
The Common

Sheep have a gastrointestinal tract similar to that of other ruminants. Their stomach is made up of four digestive organs: the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum. The rumen plays a role in storing ingested foods, which are fermented by a complex anaerobic rumen microbiota population with different types of interactions, positive or negative, that can occur between their microbial populations. Sheep feeding is largely based on the use of natural or cultivated fodder, which is exploited in green by grazing during the growth period of the grass and in the form of fodder preserved during the winter period. Ruminant foods are essentially of plant origin, and their constituents belong to two types of structures: intracellular constituents and cell wall components. Cellular carbohydrates play a role of metabolites or energy reserves; soluble carbohydrates account for less than 10% dry matter (DM) of foods. The plant cell wall is multi-layered and consists of primary wall and secondary wall. Fundamentally, the walls are deposited at an early stage of growth. A central blade forms the common boundary layer between two adjacent cells and occupies the location of the cell plate. Most of the plant cell walls consist of polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic substances) and lignin, these constituents being highly polymerized, as well as proteins and tannins.

Impact of plant cell wall network on biodegradation in soil: Role of lignin composition and phenolic acids in roots from 16 maize genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1544-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylord Erwan Machinet ◽  
Isabelle Bertrand ◽  
Yves Barrière ◽  
Brigitte Chabbert ◽  
Sylvie Recous
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Lignin Composition ◽  
Biodegradation In Soil

scholarly journals Plant cell wall-mediated immunity: cell wall changes trigger disease resistance responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bacete ◽  
Hugo Mélida ◽  
Eva Miedes ◽  
Antonio Molina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall

scholarly journals The regulatory and transcriptional landscape associated with carbon utilization in a filamentous fungus

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 6003-6013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent W. Wu ◽  
Nils Thieme ◽  
Lori B. Huberman ◽  
Axel Dietschmann ◽  
David J. Kowbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Filamentous fungi, such asNeurospora crassa, are very efficient in deconstructing plant biomass by the secretion of an arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, by remodeling metabolism to accommodate production of secreted enzymes, and by enabling transport and intracellular utilization of plant biomass components. Although a number of enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in plant biomass utilization have been identified, how filamentous fungi sense and integrate nutritional information encoded in the plant cell wall into a regulatory hierarchy for optimal utilization of complex carbon sources is not understood. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling ofN. crassaon 40 different carbon sources, including plant biomass, to provide data on how fungi sense simple to complex carbohydrates. From these data, we identified regulatory factors inN. crassaand characterized one (PDR-2) associated with pectin utilization and one with pectin/hemicellulose utilization (ARA-1). Using in vitro DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we identified direct targets of transcription factors involved in regulating genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. In particular, our data clarified the role of the transcription factor VIB-1 in the regulation of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and nutrient scavenging and revealed a major role of the carbon catabolite repressor CRE-1 in regulating the expression of major facilitator transporter genes. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of cross talk between transcription factors and their target genes, which are involved in regulating nutrient sensing and plant biomass utilization on a global level.

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