Equilibrium analyses and operational designs of a coupled market with substitutive and complementary ride-sourcing services to public transits

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 102236
Author(s):  
Jintao Ke ◽  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Hai Yang ◽  
Qiaochu He
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Analyses

Thermochemical Evaluation of Hydroxyl and Peroxyl Radical Precursors in the Formation of Tropospheric Ozone Reactions

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
G.O. Umosekhaimhe ◽  
S.E. Umukoro
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Enthalpies Of Formation ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Complete Basis Set ◽  
Equilibrium Analyses ◽  
No2 Formation ◽  
Reaction Routes

The thermochemical properties of varieties of species needed to assess the most prominent pathways of tropospheric ozone transformation have been established. In the troposphere, ozone which is a secondary pollution produced by photochemical induced transformation, acts as an oxidizing agent to numerous atmospheric reactions leading to the formation of particulate matter. Based on the climate related problems resulting from the precursor of particulate matter, it is adequate to establish the feasible routes of ozone formation. In this study, the electronic structure methods which approximate the Schrödinger equation to compute Gibbs free energies and enthalpies of formation of the various chemical species participating in the reactions were used. These thermodynamic properties were determined using four computational model chemistry methods integrated in the Gaussian 03 (G03) chemistry package. Five known reaction pathways for the formation of NO2 (the O3 precursor specie), as well as the dominant ozone formation route from NO2 were examined and their energies determined. Of all the computational methods, the complete basis set (CBS-4M) method produced energies for all species of the five reaction routes. Out of the five routes, only the reactions involving radical species were favoured to completion over a temperature range of -100 and +100oC. The most relevant reaction route for the formation of NO2 and subsequently O3 is that involving the peroxyl acetyl nitrate (PAN) and hydroxyl radicals. Chemical equilibrium analyses of the reaction routes also indicated that reduction in temperature encourages NO2 formation while increase in temperature favours O3 production.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE POSTERIOR SILK GLAND OF THE SILKWORM BOMBIX MORI

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tashiro ◽  
Eiichi Otsuki
Keyword(s):  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Sedimentation Equilibrium ◽  
Partial Specific Volume ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Equilibrium Analyses ◽  
Fibroin Solution ◽  
Posterior Silk Gland

Ultracentrifugal analyses of the native silk proteins extracted from the various parts of the middle silk gland of the mature silkworm have revealed that there exist four components with S°20,w values of 10S, 9–10S, 9S, and 4S in the extract. It is suggested that the fastest 10S component is the native fibroin synthesized in the posterior silk gland and transferred to the middle silk gland to be stored there, while the slower three components probably correspond to inner, middle, and outer sericins which were synthesized in the posterior, middle, and anterior portion of the middle silk gland, respectively. Native fibroin solution was prepared from the most posterior part of the middle silk gland. Ultracentrifugal analyses have shown that the solution contains considerable amounts of aggregates in addition to the main 10S component. Treatment with lithium bromide (LiBr), urea, or guanidine hydrochloride solution up to 6 M all have failed to dissociate the 10S component. From the sedimentation equilibrium analyses and partial specific volume of 0.716, the molecular weight of the 10S component of the native fibroin solution was found to be between 3.2 – 4.2 x 105, with a tendency to lie fairly close to 3.7 x 105.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Adsorption of Cationic Dyes from Binary Solutions by Thiourea-Modified Poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid): Detailed Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyi ◽  
Jamil ◽  
Abdullah ◽  
Choong ◽  
Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary System ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
Simultaneous Adsorption ◽  
Equilibrium Analyses ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile

In this study, simultaneous adsorption of cationic dyes was investigated by using binary component solutions. Thiourea-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (TMPAA) polymer was used as an adsorbent for uptake of cationic dyes (malachite green, MG and methylene blue, MB) from aqueous solution in a binary system. Adsorption tests revealed that TMPAA presented high adsorption of MG and MB at higher pH and higher dye concentrations. It suggested that there are strong electrostatic attractions between the surface functional groups of the adsorbent and cationic dyes. The equilibrium analyses explain that both extended Langmuir and extended models are suitable for the description of adsorption data in the binary system. An antagonistic effect was found, probably due to triangular (MG) and linear (MB) molecular structures that mutually hinder the adsorption of both dyes on TMPAA. Besides, the kinetic studies for sorption of MG and MB dyes onto adsorbent were better represented by a pseudo-second-order model, which demonstrates chemisorption between the polymeric TMPAA adsorbent and dye molecules. According to experimental findings, TMPAA is an attractive adsorbent for treatment of wastewater containing multiple cationic dyes.

Limit equilibrium analysis of large-scale reinforced and unreinforced embankments loaded by a strip footing

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Blatz ◽  
Richard J Bathurst
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Strip Footing ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Equilibrium Analyses ◽  
Limit Equilibrium Analyses

The paper describes limit equilibrium analyses of two large-scale geosynthetic reinforced soil embankments and one unreinforced soil embankment that were taken to collapse under a strip footing placed close to the crest. One reinforced embankment was constructed with a relatively extensible and weak polypropylene geogrid and the second with a relatively strong and stiff high-density polyethylene geogrid. The geometry of the embankments and the loading arrangement were the same for all three structures. The focus of the paper is on a comparison of the predicted collapse load for the three structures and the actual observed values. A three-dimensional analytical approach is used to account for possible side-wall friction effects due to the test facility in which the large-scale experimental models were built. The paper also reports details on the interpretation of in-isolation constant load tests and strain measurements used to infer tensile loads in the reinforcement at failure. An important conclusion is that a general two-part wedge analysis approach can be used to predict the collapse footing load for both unreinforced and reinforced sand embankments in this investigation provided careful attention is paid to the selection of soil shear strength and reinforcement tensile capacity.Key words: geosynthetics, reinforced embankments, strip footing, large scale, limit equilibrium analyses.

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