Cattle ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens in Burkina Faso and Benin: apparent northern spread of Rhipicephalus microplus in Benin and first evidence of Theileria velifera and Theileria annulata

AbstractSince 2011, period of the livestock invasion by the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Burkina Faso (BF), tick-control problems were exacerbated. Based on farmer’s reports, most commonly used commercial acaricides were found to be ineffective in Western South part of the country. To investigate the occurrence and extent of such acaricidal ineffectiveness, we performed the standardized larval packet test (LPT) with commercial deltamethrin (vectocid) and cypermethrin (cypertop), on two cattle tick species, the native Amblyomma variegatum and the invasive R. microplus. The resistance ratios (RR) were computed with susceptible Hounde strain of Rhipicephalus geigyi as reference. The R. microplus population showed resistance to the two acaricides tested with the highest lethal concentration (LC) values, and different resistance ratios higher than 4 (deltamethrin: RR50 = 28.18 and RR90 = 32.41; cypermethrin: RR50 = 8.79 and RR90 = 23.15). In the contrary, A. variegatum population was found to be highly susceptible to acaricides tested with low lethal concentrations and resistance ratio values (deltamethrin: RR50 = 0.5 and RR90 = 0.48; cypermethrin: RR50 = 0.68 and RR90 = 0.79). These data demonstrate high synthetic pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus strain, leading to conclude that the acaricide ineffectiveness in tick populations control remains a concern in BF.

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Gene expression profiling of adult female tissues in feeding Rhipicephalus microplus cattle ticks

International Journal for Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.01.009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (7) ◽

pp. 541-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Christian Stutzer ◽

Willem A. van Zyl ◽

Nicholas A. Olivier ◽

Sabine Richards ◽

Christine Maritz-Olivier

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Gene Expression Profiling ◽

Adult Female ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Cattle Ticks

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Molecular survey of cattle ticks in Burundi: First report on the presence of the invasive Rhipicephalus microplus tick

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0261218

Author(s):

Lionel Nyabongo ◽

David O. Odongo ◽

Gad Milton ◽

Eunice Machuka ◽

Patrick Vudriko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Tick Species ◽

Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Babesia Bovis ◽

12S Rrna ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Babesia Bigemina ◽

Cattle Ticks ◽

Agroecological Zones

A recent research study on prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Burundi reported high prevalence and endemicity of Theileria parva, Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections in cattle. Detailed information about tick species infesting animals, their distribution and genetic diversity in Burundi is outdated and limited. This study therefore assessed the prevalence and genetic diversity of tick species infesting cattle across agroecological zones (AEZs) in Burundi. A cross-sectional study on the occurrence of tick species was conducted in 24 districts of Burundi between October and December 2017. Differential identification and characterization of ticks collected was conducted using tick morphological keys and molecular tools (cox1 and 12S rRNA gene). Chi-square test was used to test for association between agroecological zones and the prevalence of tick species. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using bayesian and maximum likelihood algorithms. A total of 483 ticks were collected from the five AEZs sampled. Six tick species comprising of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. sanguineus, R. evertsi evertsi, R. microplus, R. decoloratus and Amblyomma variegatum were observed. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were the most prevalent ticks (~45%). A total of 138 specimens (28%) were found to be Rhipicephalus microplus, suggesting an emerging threat for cattle farmers. Twelve R. appendiculatus cox1 haplotypes were obtained from 106 specimens that were sequenced. Two cox1 haplotypes of R. microplus which clustered into previously reported Clade A were observed. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and R. evertsi evertsi ticks, the vectors of numerous zoonotic pathogens, were collected from cattle, which constitute a high risk for public health. These findings reveal an overlapping distribution of tick vectors in Burundi. The design of ticks and tick-borne diseases control strategies should consider the distribution of different vectors across the AEZs particularly the presence of the highly invasive R. microplus tick in Burundi and the potential risk of introducing the pathogenic Babesia bovis.

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Acaricidal activity of leaves of Morus nigra against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-8994 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 523-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.C.S. Dantas ◽

D.P. Freire ◽

G.R. Souza ◽

J.R.G.S. Almeida ◽

L.A. Rolim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Adult Tick ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Acaricidal Activity ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Morus Nigra ◽

Cattle Ticks

ABSTRACT The acaricidal activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractions from the leaves of Morus nigra (Moraceae) was carried out on female cattle ticks Rhipicephalus microplus, using the adult immersion test. The mortality and fertility of females exposed to different concentrations of hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as ethanolic extract of M. nigra with concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg/ml were evaluated using three treatment groups, two control groups and triplicate tests. The study also identified the main phenolic compounds of the extract and fractions of this species by HPLC. The chloroform fraction of leaves of M. nigra (25mg/mL) showed the best results for this species, obtaining 62.6% of inhibition of oviposition, 39.3% of eggs eclosion average and 65.4% of effectiveness. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, which may be related to biological activity shown by the extracts, which can be used as an alternative control against R. microplus adult tick.

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Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04043-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dennis Muhanguzi ◽

Joseph Byaruhanga ◽

Wilson Amanyire ◽

Christian Ndekezi ◽

Sylvester Ochwo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

South Eastern ◽

Cattle Ticks ◽

Eastern Uganda

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Sublethal concentrations of acetylcarvacrol strongly impact oocyte development of engorged female cattle ticks Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.03.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 766-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I.F.M. Konig ◽

R.R.P. Gonçalves ◽

M.V.S. Oliveira ◽

C.M. Silva ◽

S.S. Thomasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Oocyte Development ◽

Cattle Ticks ◽

Female Cattle ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

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First report of Theileria annulata in Nigeria: findings from cattle ticks in Zamfara and Sokoto States

10.1101/2020.11.10.376624 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adamu Haruna Mamman ◽

Vincenzo Lorusso ◽

Babagana Mohammed Adam ◽

Abraham Goni Dogo ◽

Kevin J Bown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tick Species ◽

Theileria Annulata ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Tropical Theileriosis ◽

First Report ◽

Cattle Ticks ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Hyalomma Rufipes ◽

North Western

AbstractBackgroundTicks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) represent a significant economic burden to cattle farming in sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. However, in the northern part of this country, where the largest livestock population reside, little is known about the contemporary diversity of ticks and TBPs. This area is particularly vulnerable to climate change, undergoing marked transformation of habitat and associated flora and fauna that is also likely to include ticks. This study aimed to document the occurrence of tick species and Apicomplexan TBPs in cattle from North-Western Nigeria.MethodsIn 2017, ticks were collected from cattle in Zamfara and Sokoto States and identified morphologically. Additionally, a subset of ticks were screened molecularly for the detection of Apicomplexan DNA.ResultsA total of 494 adult ticks were collected from 80 cattle in Zamfara and 65 cattle in Sokoto State. Nine tick species were encountered, including seven Hyalomma spp. (i.e. Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma impeltatum, Hyalomma impressum, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma turanicum), Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus. All species were present in Zamfara, whereas only five species were found in Sokoto. Hyalomma rufipes was the most prevalent tick infesting cattle in Zamfara State (76.2%), while H. dromedarii was the most prevalent in Sokoto State (43.7%), confirming the widespread transfer of this species from camels onto livestock and its adaptation to cattle in the region.Of 159 ticks screened, 2 out of 54 (3.7%) from Zamfara State and 29 out of 105 (27.6%) from Sokoto State harboured DNA of Theileria annulata, the agent of tropical theileriosis.ConclusionsThis study confirms the presence of a broad diversity of tick species in cattle from North-Western Nigeria, providing the first locality records for Zamfara State. The occurrence of H. turanicum, recorded for the first time in Nigeria, indicates a distribution of this tick beyond Northern Africa.This study provides the first report for T. annulata in Nigeria. Given its enormous burden on livestock farming in North Africa and across Asia, further investigations are needed to better understand its epidemiology, vector transmission and potential clinical significance in cattle from Northern Nigeria and neighbouring Sahelian countries.

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Effects of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and piperonyl butoxide-based pour-on and spray acaricides on controlling the tick Rhipicephalus microplus

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.24.2.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 278 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leandro De Oliveira Souza Higa ◽

Marcos Valerio Garcia ◽

Vinicius Da Silva Rodrigues ◽

Paulino Bonatte-Junior ◽

Francisco Tobias Barradas-Piña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treated Group ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Piperonyl Butoxide ◽

Control Group ◽

Evaluation Time ◽

Cattle Ticks ◽

Study Population ◽

Vitro Analysis ◽

Tick Counts

The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and piperonyl butoxide based pour-on and spray acaricides for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus in a naturally infested cattle herd. Fifty eight male Brangus cattle in the rearing phase were divided into treated (28) and untreated (30) groups. The treated group was subdivided in treated with a pour-on acaricide (13) and treated with a spray acaricide (15). Every 18 days, tick counts, acaricide treatment, weighing and clinical observation were performed on the animals, totaling four evaluation time points. The adult immersion tests were used for in vitro analysis of the study population to different chemical bases was assessed for primary results. Tick counts were separately compared between groups at each time point using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Significantly fewer number of ticks were observed on the treated group compared to control group and also on the sprayed subgroup compared to pour-on subgroup (p<0.05). Our results indicate that the chemical treatment evaluated directly affects the number of ticks parasitizing animals and that products employing a spray application method may be more effective in controlling cattle ticks.

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