scholarly journals Molecular survey of cattle ticks in Burundi: First report on the presence of the invasive Rhipicephalus microplus tick

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261218
Author(s):  
Lionel Nyabongo ◽  
David O. Odongo ◽  
Gad Milton ◽  
Eunice Machuka ◽  
Patrick Vudriko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Agroecological Zones

A recent research study on prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Burundi reported high prevalence and endemicity of Theileria parva, Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections in cattle. Detailed information about tick species infesting animals, their distribution and genetic diversity in Burundi is outdated and limited. This study therefore assessed the prevalence and genetic diversity of tick species infesting cattle across agroecological zones (AEZs) in Burundi. A cross-sectional study on the occurrence of tick species was conducted in 24 districts of Burundi between October and December 2017. Differential identification and characterization of ticks collected was conducted using tick morphological keys and molecular tools (cox1 and 12S rRNA gene). Chi-square test was used to test for association between agroecological zones and the prevalence of tick species. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using bayesian and maximum likelihood algorithms. A total of 483 ticks were collected from the five AEZs sampled. Six tick species comprising of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. sanguineus, R. evertsi evertsi, R. microplus, R. decoloratus and Amblyomma variegatum were observed. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were the most prevalent ticks (~45%). A total of 138 specimens (28%) were found to be Rhipicephalus microplus, suggesting an emerging threat for cattle farmers. Twelve R. appendiculatus cox1 haplotypes were obtained from 106 specimens that were sequenced. Two cox1 haplotypes of R. microplus which clustered into previously reported Clade A were observed. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and R. evertsi evertsi ticks, the vectors of numerous zoonotic pathogens, were collected from cattle, which constitute a high risk for public health. These findings reveal an overlapping distribution of tick vectors in Burundi. The design of ticks and tick-borne diseases control strategies should consider the distribution of different vectors across the AEZs particularly the presence of the highly invasive R. microplus tick in Burundi and the potential risk of introducing the pathogenic Babesia bovis.

scholarly journals Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Muhanguzi ◽  
Joseph Byaruhanga ◽  
Wilson Amanyire ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background: Rhipicephalus microplus; an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R.microplus.Methods: The study was carried out in Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation.Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n=16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n=1,377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n=434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n= 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification.Conclusions : It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced Rhipicephalus decoloratus, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.

scholarly journals Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Muhanguzi ◽  
Joseph Byaruhanga ◽  
Wilson Amanyire ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background: Rhipicephalus microplus, an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R.microplus.Methods: The study was carried out in Kadungulu, Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle from six villages were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation.Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n=16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n=1,377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n=434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n= 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification.Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced Rhipicephalus decoloratus in the sampled villages in Kadungulu sub county, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, piroplasms and trypanosomes in Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum collected from cattle in northern Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan Zeb ◽  
Sándor Szekeres ◽  
Nóra Takács ◽  
Jenő Kontschán ◽  
Sumaira Shams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Cattle Herds

Abstract The two most important tick species in Pakistan are Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum. When associated with cattle, these have one or three host life cycles, respectively, with potential implications for their population genetics and for their vector role in the transmission of pathogens. To compare the two tick species in this context with molecular-phylogenetic methods, during the present study 123 ticks were collected from cattle in northern Pakistan. Two mitochondrial markers of 36 ticks were molecularly analyzed. All 11 R. microplus specimens had identical cox1 haplotypes, whereas the 25 H. anatolicum specimens had nine cox1 haplotypes. The latter belonged to two distinct phylogenetic lineages with high support. However, in the 16S rRNA gene these differences were less evident. Among the 113 ticks molecularly analyzed for tick-borne protozoa, the sequence of Babesia occultans was successfully amplified from two specimens of H. anatolicum. Theileria annulata was present in both R. microplus (10.4%) and H. anatolicum (27.3%), with significantly higher prevalence rate in the latter species. Only one tick, a H. anatolicum female, was positive in the PCR detecting Trypanosoma spp. Sequencing revealed the presence of a new genotype, with the closest phylogenetic relationship to stercorarian trypanosomes (in particular, to a tick-associated Trypanosoma sp. from Japan). In conclusion, the above differences between R. microplus and H. anatolicum may be partly related to their life cycles involving one host or three hosts, respectively. Among the others, host switching (reducing chances of inbreeding) and shorter periods spent on-host (reducing gene flow between cattle herds) are supposed to be important drivers of cox1 gene diversification in case of H. anatolicum as a three host tick species. These results highlight the importance of studying differences in intraspecific genetic diversity and piroplasm burdens between one host and three host ticks in the local scale. In addition, a Trypanosoma sp. molecularly identified in H. anatolicum is reported here for the first time from South Asia, deserving further evaluation concerning its host and vector species.

scholarly journals Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Muhanguzi ◽  
Joseph Byaruhanga ◽  
Wilson Amanyire ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background:Rhipicephalus microplus;an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia pecies, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R.microplus. Methods: The study was carried out in Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation. Results:The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n =16509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum(7.2 %; n =1377), Rhipicephalus evertsi(2.3 %; n =434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n = 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification. Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced R. decoloratus, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of [i]R. microplus[/i] ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed. This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Grant Number OPP1125367

scholarly journals Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Muhanguzi ◽  
Joseph Byaruhanga ◽  
Wilson Amanyire ◽  
Christian Ndekezi ◽  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background: Rhipicephalus microplus, an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R. microplus.Methods: The study was carried out in Kadungulu, Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle from six villages were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation.Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n = 16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n = 1377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n = 434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n = 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification.Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced R. decoloratus in the sampled villages in Kadungulu sub-county, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.

scholarly journals qPCR estimates of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection levels in beef cattle and Rhipicephalus microplus larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Giglioti ◽  
Henrique Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
Cintia Hiromi Okino ◽  
Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Different Cattle Breeds to the Infestation of Cattle Ticks Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Natural Pastures of Opkara Farm, Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Eric Yessinou ◽  
Camus Adoligbe ◽  
Yao Akpo ◽  
Justin Adinci ◽  
Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

A study was carried out on the Opkara (Benin) cattle farm on 64 cattle of four different breeds (16 individuals per breed) from June to December 2016. During this study, three tick species were found in different numbers, Amblyomma variegatum (732), Rhipicephalus microplus (8079), and Hyalomma spp. (208), with parasitic intensity of 11.90, 126.23, and 3.25, respectively. The interracial comparison of the tick infestation between the cattle showed a significant difference (P<0.001). However, Girolando was more infested than all the cattle breeds. Infestation of A. variegatum, R. microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Girolando was, respectively, 19.43 ± 2.71, 171.25 ± 23.50, and 7.12 ± 0.63, but the Borgou were less infested. Borgou breed females were more infested by A. variegatum (4.41 ± 1.14) than females Girolando (4.20 ± 0.90). The Crossbred and Azawak females were less infested (P<0.01). The mean of A. variegatum on Borgou, Azawak, Crossbred, and Girolando calves was 1.29 ± 0.35, 0.66 ± 0.26, 1.37 ± 0.37, and 2.25 ± 0.48 (P<0.01), respectively. The results of this study can be exploited to include genetic and nongenetic approaches to tick control.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Cattle from Khartoum State and East Darfur State, Sudan

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Ehab Mossaad ◽  
Alex Gaithuma ◽  
Yassir O. Mohamed ◽  
Keisuke Suganuma ◽  
Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Ehrlichia Ruminantium ◽  
Cattle Ticks

Ticks transmit many pathogens with public health and veterinary importance. Despite the wide distribution of tick-borne pathogens in Sudan, the information on the tick–pathogen relationship needs to be updated, particularly using modern molecular techniques. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and November 2019, used morphology, PCR, and sequencing to confirm the identity of adult cattle ticks (male and female; n = 536) from Khartoum State (n = 417) and East Darfur State (n = 119). Moreover, the presence of Theileria annulata, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Anaplasma marginale, and Ehrlichia ruminantium was detected and confirmed in each tick using species-specific PCR or nested PCR and sequencing. The most economically important tick genera, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, and Amblyomma, were prevalent in the study area, and 13 different tick species were identified. The most prevalent tick species were Rhipicephalusevertsi evertsi (34.3%) and Hyalomma anatolicum (57.3%) in Khartoum State, and Rhipicephalus annulatus (27%), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (25%), and Hyalomma rufipes (29%) in East Darfur State. We detected all five pathogens in both states. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the presence of E. ruminantium, its vector Amblyomma variegatum, and B. bovis in Khartoum State. Further, this is the first report on most tick and pathogen species identified in East Darfur State. Our findings indicate the migration of some tick and pathogen species beyond their distribution areas in the country, and this consideration is necessary to develop future control strategies.

scholarly journals Os desafios do complexo da tristeza parasitária bovina – TPB

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e58010616148
Author(s):  
Mariah Oliveira Costa ◽  
Monique Resende Carvalho ◽  
Lianna Ghisi Gomes ◽  
Matias Bassinello Stocco ◽  
Paulo Roberto Spiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina

Este artigo apresenta os principais desafios do complexo da Tristeza Parasitária Bovina (TPB), a partir de revisão literária sobre o tema. A TPB é um complexo de enfermidades causadas pelos protozoários Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina combinados com a bactéria Anaplasma marginale, os quais são transmitidos pelo vetor Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (carrapato-do-boi) ao seu hospedeiro bovino, impactando negativamente a saúde do animal e acarretando milhões de prejuízos à economia rural, seja no combate e controle do parasito, ou em gastos com medicamentos, de acordo com dados do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), e do IBGE. Os principais métodos de controle e tratamento às doenças causadas por B. bovis, B. bigemina e A. marginale, atualmente, se resumem no combate ao vetor com aplicação de produtos químicos, como os acaricidas, aos animais contaminados. Entretanto, os desafios desse método residem na prática de aplicação em sequência e com frequência desses produtos químicos na população bovina, o que provoca, geralmente, a configuração de carrapatos multirresistentes aos agentes químicos. Diversos estudos têm mostrado pequenos resultados com tratamentos homeopáticos e rotação de pastagem, tratamentos alternativos para o combate ao parasito Rhipicephalus microplus. Em 2020, o MAPA lançou obra orientativa com a metodologia Tratamento Bovino Seletivo (TBS), cujo objetivo é acompanhar caso a caso a população bovina contaminada para se fazer o processo seletivo dos animais, de modo que os animais doentes são tratados. Para garantir êxito, oferece-se o Programa de Controle Seletivo do Carrapato Bovino (PCSCB), criado pela Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document