This study examined immune responses of foxes to oral doses of recombinant
Salmonella typhimurium expressing fox sperm-specific
lactate dehydrogenase (fLDH). The cDNA for fLDH was cloned into the expression
plasmid pKK233· 2 (pKKfLDH).
Salmonella typhimuriumaroA–
(SL3261) was transformed with either the pKK233·2 plasmid alone (SpKK)
or the pKKfLDH construct (SpKfLDH). The fLDH expressed by SpKfLDH retained
enzymatic activity and was recognized by human LDH-C4-specific antibody. Male
European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were given an initial
oral dose of 1 × 1011 cfu of either SpKK (control,
n = 3) or SpKfLDH (test, n
= 6), followed four weeks later with a further dose of 1 ×
1011 cfu. Antibodies to Salmonella
lipopolysaccharide (LPS-04) and fLDH were measured in plasma and saliva for
eight consecutive weeks after the initial doses. Both LPS-04 IgG- and
IgA-specific antibodies as well as fLDH-specific IgG antibodies were detected
in plasma and saliva. However, there was a marked fLDH-specific IgA response
in saliva consistent with induction of the common mucosal immune system. The
antibody measurements demonstrated the feasibility of using recombinant
Salmonella as an oral vaccine to elicit gamete
antigen-specific mucosal immune responses in foxes.