Immunogenicity generated by mRNA vaccine encoding VZV gE antigen is comparable to adjuvanted subunit vaccine and better than live attenuated vaccine in nonhuman primates

Dengue virus (DENV) has become a global health threat with about half of the world’s population at risk of infection. Although the disease caused by DENV is self-limiting in the first infection, the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect increases the mortality in the second infection with a heterotypic virus. Since there is no specific efficient medicine in treatment, it is urgent to develop vaccines to prevent infection and disease progression. Currently, only a live attenuated vaccine, chimeric yellow fever 17D—tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV), has been licensed for clinical use in some countries, and many candidate vaccines are still under research and development. This review discusses the progress, strengths, and weaknesses of the five types of vaccines including live attenuated vaccine, inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant subunit vaccine, viral vectored vaccine, and DNA vaccine.

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Neutralizing response of rabbits to an experimental rubella subunit vaccine made from immunostimulating complexes

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m88-238 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 1351-1354 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michel Trudel ◽

Francine Nadon ◽

Cécile Séguin ◽

Pierre Payment

Keyword(s):

Subunit Vaccine ◽

Viral Proteins ◽

Live Vaccine ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Immunostimulating Complexes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate experimentally the immunogenicity in rabbits of rubella subunits adsorbed to the adjuvant Quil A. The adsorbed viral proteins form structurally defined ImmunoStimulating COMplexes (ISCOMs). Rubella ISCOMs were tested for their capacity to induce neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies, in comparison with a commercial live attenuated vaccine. Rubella ISCOMs were as efficient as the live vaccine in inducing neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies, suggesting the possibility of developing an ISCOMs subunit vaccine.

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Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of herpes zoster vaccines in adults aged 50 and older: systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.k4029 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. k4029 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Andrea C Tricco ◽

Wasifa Zarin ◽

Roberta Cardoso ◽

Areti-Angeliki Veroniki ◽

Paul A Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Zoster ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Subunit Vaccine ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Recombinant Subunit Vaccine ◽

Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of the herpes zoster live attenuated vaccine with the herpes zoster adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine or placebo for adults aged 50 and older.DesignSystematic review with bayesian meta-analysis and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, and Cochrane Library (inception to January 2017), grey literature, and reference lists of included studies.Eligibility criteria for study selectionExperimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies that compared the live attenuated vaccine with the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine, placebo, or no vaccine in adults aged 50 and older. Relevant outcomes were incidence of herpes zoster (primary outcome), herpes zoster ophthalmicus, post-herpetic neuralgia, quality of life, adverse events, and death.Results27 studies (22 randomised controlled trials) including 2 044 504 patients, along with 18 companion reports, were included after screening 2037 titles and abstracts, followed by 175 full text articles. Network meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials found no statistically significant differences between the live attenuated vaccine and placebo for incidence of laboratory confirmed herpes zoster. The adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine, however, was statistically superior to both the live attenuated vaccine (vaccine efficacy 85%, 95% credible interval 31% to 98%) and placebo (94%, 79% to 98%). Network meta-analysis of 11 randomised controlled trials showed the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine to be associated with statistically more adverse events at injection sites than the live attenuated vaccine (relative risk 1.79, 95% credible interval 1.05 to 2.34; risk difference 30%, 95% credible interval 2% to 51%) and placebo (5.63, 3.57 to 7.29 and 53%, 30% to 73%, respectively). Network meta-analysis of nine randomised controlled trials showed the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine to be associated with statistically more systemic adverse events than placebo (2.28, 1.45 to 3.65 and 20%, 6% to 40%, respectively).ConclusionsUsing the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine might prevent more cases of herpes zoster than using the live attenuated vaccine, but the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine also carries a greater risk of adverse events at injection sites.Protocol registrationProspero CRD42017056389.

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Antiviral effect of 1-calcium phosphonate uracil against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro

10.21203/rs.2.17719/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Xu ◽

Zhi wen Xu ◽

Zhao Jun ◽

Xiao yu Yang ◽

Ruo bo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subunit Vaccine ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Antiviral Effect ◽

New Drugs ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Inactivated Vaccine ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Antiviral Role

Abstract Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an RNA virus. Currently, it is treated in various ways, including vaccination with inactivated vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, or subunit vaccine, but the control of PRRSV infection is still inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to study new drugs against PRRSV infection. In this study, the antiviral effect of 1-calcium phosphonate uracil on PRRSV in vitro was studied. Results: PRRSV was significantly inhibited in SR pretreated cells. In addition, the results showed that SR inhibited the adhesion, entry and genome synthesis of PRRSV, but did not affect the release of PRRSV. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SR may play an antiviral role in PRRSV infection in vitro, which suggests that SR may be a potential new drug for inhibiting PRRSV infection

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Improved Stability Of Live, Attenuated Vaccine gdhA Derivative Pasteurella Multocida B:2 By Freeze Drying Technique

10.31988/scitrends.41035 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Murni Halim

Keyword(s):

Freeze Drying ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Improved Stability

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Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Intranasal Live-attenuated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2

iScience ◽

10.1016/j.isci.2021.102941 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102941

Author(s):

Jun-Guy Park ◽

Fatai S. Oladunni ◽

Mohammed A. Rohaim ◽

Jayde Whittingham-Dowd ◽

James Tollitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Efficacy ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Attenuated Vaccine

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A Live-Attenuated Prime, Inactivated Boost Vaccination Strategy with Chimeric Hemagglutinin-Based Universal Influenza Virus Vaccines Provides Protection in Ferrets: A Confirmatory Study

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines6030047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Raffael Nachbagauer ◽

Florian Krammer ◽

Randy Albrecht

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Virus Vaccine ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Inactivated Vaccine ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Virus Surface ◽

Virus Challenge ◽

Attenuated Vaccine

Influenza viruses cause severe diseases and mortality in humans on an annual basis. The current influenza virus vaccines can confer protection when they are well-matched with the circulating strains. However, due to constant changes of the virus surface glycoproteins, the vaccine efficacy can drop substantially in some seasons. In addition, the current seasonal influenza virus vaccines do not protect from avian influenza viruses of human pandemic potential. Novel influenza virus vaccines that aim to elicit antibodies against conserved epitopes like the hemagglutinin stalk could not only reduce the burden of drifted seasonal viruses but potentially also protect humans from infection with zoonotic and emerging pandemic influenza viruses. In this paper, we generated influenza virus vaccine constructs that express chimeric hemagglutinins consisting of exotic, avian head domains and a consistent stalk domain of a seasonal virus. Using such viruses in a sequential immunization regimen can redirect the immune response towards conserved epitopes. In this study, male ferrets received a live-attenuated vaccine virus based on the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 strain expressing a chimeric H8/1 (cH8/1) hemagglutinin, which was followed by a heterologous booster vaccination with a cH5/1N1 formalin inactivated non-adjuvanted whole virus. This group was compared to a second group that received a cH8/1N1 inactivated vaccine followed by a cH5/1N1 inactivated vaccine. Both groups showed a reduction in viral titers in the upper respiratory tract after the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus challenge. Animals that received the live-attenuated vaccine had low or undetectable titers in the lower respiratory tract. The results support the further development of chimeric hemagglutinin-based vaccination strategies. The outcome of this study confirms and corroborates findings from female ferrets primed with a A/Leningrad/134/17/57-based live attenuated cH8/1N1 vaccine followed by vaccination with an AS03-adjuvanted cH5/1N1 split virus vaccine 10.

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