High-level vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium related to humans and pigs found in dust from pig breeding facilities

Introduction: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of our study was to determine the microbiological, epidemiological and molecular characteristics of VREfm isolated in north-central, eastern and western Algeria. Methodology: a collection of 48 VREfm isolated from September 2010 to April 2017 in several Algerian hospitals were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test method according to CLSI guidelines. the detection of van genotype of all strains was performed by PCR. Clonal relationship of five VREfm targeted by region were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: All isolates have multidrug-resistance (MDR) and were resistant to at least five classes of antibiotics; however, all were susceptible to tigecycline and daptomycin with MIC50 at 0.094 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL respectively. All strains belonged to vanA genotype and have high level of resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. MLST revealed two sequence types (STs): ST80 (from the four regions of Algeria) and ST789, both belonging to the former hospital-adapted clonal complex CC17. Conclusions: the alarming dissemination of MDR E. faecium vanA and the ST80 in several regions of Algeria suggest a clonal spread of VREfm strains, which urgently require implementation of adequate infection control measures.

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Genotypic and Phenotypic Evaluation of the Evolution of High-Level Daptomycin Nonsusceptibility in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01318-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 6051-6053 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Romney M. Humphries ◽

Theodoros Kelesidis ◽

Ryan Tewhey ◽

Warren E. Rose ◽

Nicholas Schork ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽

Single Nucleotide Variants ◽

Phosphotransferase System ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Content Type ◽

Vancomycin Resistant ◽

High Level ◽

Reading Frames

ABSTRACTWhole-genome sequencing and cell membrane studies of three clonalEnterococcus faeciumstrains with daptomycin MICs of 4, 32, and 192 μg/ml were performed, revealing nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants in eight open reading frames, including those predicted to encode a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent, mannose-specific phosphotransferase system, cardiolipin synthetase, and EzrA. Membrane studies revealed a higher net surface charge among the daptomycin-nonsusceptible isolates and increased septum formation in the isolate with a daptomycin MIC of 192 μg/ml.

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Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains isolated in poultry

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5803-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (No. 2 - 3) ◽

pp. 52-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Kolář ◽

R. Pantůček ◽

J. Bardoň ◽

I. Vágnerová ◽

H. Typovská ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Control Group ◽

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Vancomycin Resistant ◽

High Level

The main goal of the study was to analyse the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in poultry in the Czech Republic in 1999–2000. The resistance was determined in 128 selected Escherichia coli, 88 Staphylococcus sp. and 228 Enterococcus sp. strains. The bacterial species were selected to represent gramnegatives and grampositives, the common part of intestinal microflora and also opportunistic pathogens. In Escherichia coli, 97% of strains were found to be resistant to tetracycline, 51% were resistant to ampicillin, and 31% were resistant to piperacillin. Increased frequencies of resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (in 10% of the strains) were also found. In staphylococci, increased numbers of strains resistant to erythromycin (39%), clindamycin (19%), tetracycline (14%) and ofloxacin (13%) were observed. In enterococci, 80%, 59% and 34% of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin or nitrofurantoin, respectively. A high-level resistance to streptomycin was proved in 22% of the strains. Eleven Enterococcus sp. strains were found to be resistant to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant enterococci – VRE). Being of the clinical importance, the VRE strains were analysed in detail. Six VRE were identified as Enterococcus faecium VanA, three strains belonged to Enterococcus sp. group III VanB. The remaining two strains were classified as Enterococcus faecium VanB and Enterococcus faecalis VanB, respectively. Based on SmaI macrorestriction analysis, regardless of their resistance type, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains formed a cluster distinct from the control group of vancomycin sensitive strains. Furthermore, within the cluster of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium strains, two clonal lines could be distinguished while the sensitive strains were more heterogeneous.

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