Ticks and antibodies: may parasite density and tick evasion influence the outcomes following immunization protocols?

2021 ◽  
pp. 109610
Author(s):  
Bruna Ferreira Leal ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Sanchez Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density

scholarly journals Parasite density in severe malaria in Colombia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0235119
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Padilla-Rodríguez ◽  
Mario J. Olivera ◽  
Bryan David Guevara-García
Keyword(s):  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Parasite Density

scholarly journals Serum Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in relationship to outcomes in Children with P. falciparum malaria, in Nnewi-South east Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
EC Okocha ◽  
NC Ibeh ◽  
EO Ukaejiofor ◽  
JC Ebenebe ◽  
JC Aneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background and Objective: In P. falciparum malaria (PFM) infestation there are marked changes in cytokine production as the body mounts an immune response to it. Hence we set out to study these changes.Methods: A total of 158 cases of PFM among children attending the paediatric unit of our hospital and 56 healthy controls were studied. Children with febrile illness were screened for malaria using 10% Giemsa stained blood smear. Patients with positive smears were recruited; co-infected patients – those infected by another organism in addition to plasmodium specie.- were excluded. Whole blood was collected, some into plain tubes for serum cytokine testing and some into EDTA bottles for complete blood count and parasite density (PD) determination. Controls with asymptomatic parasitaemia were excluded.Results: Using the World Health Organization criteria for defining severe malaria; we identified 15 cases of severe and 143 cases of uncomplicated PFM. Significantly elevated levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were seen in the uncomplicated and severe forms of PFM. It was observed that the elevated cytokine values correlated with PD (in uncomplicated PFM but not in the severe forms). The difference between PD/absolute monocyte count (AMC) ratio was not significant (p=0.13); while PD/platelet count (PC) and PC/ AMC ratios were significant (p=0.01, and 0.03 respectively) when compared between uncomplicated and severe disease.Conclusion: Our data seems to suggest that subjects with an adequate immune response to the parasite density, in terms of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, presented with uncomplicated disease; while those who have an inadequate response presented with severe disease. The ratios of (PD/PC) and (PC/AMC), in the positive and negative directions respectively, may be predictors of increased disease severity. These observations may have implications for predicting disease outcome and PFM therapy.Key Words: plasmodium falciparum malaria, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Parasite density/Platelet count ratio, Platelet count/Absolute monocyte

scholarly journals Analysis of the clinical profile in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and its association with parasite density

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Mangal ◽  
Shilpa Mittal ◽  
Kamal Kachhawa ◽  
Divya Agrawal ◽  
Bhabagrahi Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Clinical Profile

scholarly journals Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Patients Suffering from Uncomplicated Malaria in a Health Center in the District of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Brice Kouakou Bla ◽  
Alexis Gnogbo Bahi ◽  
Juliana Mensah-Akaki ◽  
Souleymane Méité ◽  
Françis Adou Yapo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D ◽  
Stimulation Of

Aims: The pathophysiology of Plasmodium falciparum infection is most often associated with anemia and immune deficiency. Given the important role of vitamin D in the synthesis of hemoglobin and in the stimulation of the immune system, it would be essential to assess the vitamin D status of patients with malaria in order to improve the quality of treatment management. Methodology: A thick drop and a blood smear were used to determine parasite density and parasite species respectively. The complete blood count was performed using an automated analyzer labelled Sysmex XN 1000i. Biochemical parameters such as calcium and phosphorus were determined using the Cobas C311 Hitachi. The Vidas was used to determine the concentrations of 25 (OH) -vitamin D. Results: The results showed a decrease in 25 (OH) -vitamin D concentrations in relation to the parasite density and anemia observed in patients with uncomplicated malaria. Conclusion: Vitamin D status in patients with uncomplicated malaria could represent an essential biomarker in the monitoring of antimalarial treatment.

MALARIA INFECTION: SPECIATION, PARASITE DENSITY, ABO BLOOD GROUP, AND HAEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION AMONGST THE INHABITANTS OF BILLIRI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, GOMBE STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-423
Author(s):  
Nassai Ishaku ◽  
G. Chessed ◽  
M. S. Pukuma ◽  
F. E. Na'acha ◽  
N. H. Kure
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Significant Difference

The study determines malaria infection with relation to sociodemographic characteristics, parasite density, plasmodium species, ABO blood group, anaemia, and haemoglobin concentration of the participants in Billiri LGA, Gombe State. Informed consent was obtained, and a template was designed containing sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. 381 blood samples were collected and examined using thin and thick film. Out of which 148(38.8%) were infected. Female had the highest infection 82(55.4%) compared to their male counterparts 66(44.6%), with regards to age, those within the age group 11-15years had the maximum infection 41(27.7%) and the least were those within 0 – 5years 3(2.0%). The employment status revealed; others which include students, housewife, and applicants had 49(33.1%) malaria which is the maximum and the minimum was the public servants 25(16.9%), marital status also showed that singles had the highest prevalence 74(50.0%) and the lowest was the widows 8(5.4%), there was a highly significant difference in the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, p>0.05. With regards to parasitological indices; ABO blood group depicts, participants with blood group O had the maximum infection 60(40.5%) and the least are those with AB 22(14.9), the predominant Plasmodium species is P. falciparum 148(100%),  those with moderate parasite density had the highest infection rate 75(50.7%), and 24(16.2%) from those with high, while haemoglobin concentration shows those that are not anaemic had 38(25.7%) infection, and those with critical were 19(12.8%), p<0.05 in all the parasitological indices which is insignificant statistically. Based on this findings, malaria infection is moderate in the study area

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPOLIS WITH ARTEMISININ COMBINATION THERAPY IN TREATING MICE INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM BERGHEI

2019 ◽  
pp. 262-264
Author(s):  
NURINDAH SALOKA TRISNANINGRUM ◽  
HENDRI ASTUTY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Days Of Therapy

Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of combination treatment with propolis and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)in avoiding further resistance to ACT.Methods: A total of 35 mice were injected with Plasmodium berghei and divided into six equal groups: No treatment (negative control), ACT alone(positive control), 75-mg propolis/kg body weight (BW), 150-mg propolis/kg BW, ACT with 75-mg propolis/kg BW, and ACT with 150-mg propolis/kg BW. After 7 days of therapy, parasite density was calculated using a thin blood smear.Results: Parasite density significantly declined after combination treatment with ACT and 150-mg propolis/kg BW.Conclusion: Therapy with propolis alone showed no inhibitory effect on parasites, although its 150-mg/kg-BW dose was effective as an ACT adjuvantmalaria therapy in mice.

scholarly journals Relationship between biomass and parasite density of Mediorhynchus emberizae (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae) parasites of Paroaria dominicana (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) of the State of Bahia, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Adriano R. Carvalho ◽  
Sueli Souza-Lima ◽  
Luiz E. R. Tavares ◽  
José L. Luque
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
The State ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Parasite Intensity ◽  
The Mean

During the study of the metazoan parasites of Paroaria dominicana (Linnaeus, 1758), eight infrapopulations of Mediorhynchus emberizae (Rudolphi, 1819), were collected in the medium third of the small intestine, with parasite intensities ranging from one to ten specimens. Differences among the average values of the biomass, volume of the eggs, volume of the testicles and the parasite density of the infrapopulations were statistically tested in order to detect variations of these parameters in function of parasite density. Was observed that the acanthocephalans biomass increased with the volume of the intestine and also that the parasite density increased with the parasite intensity in the infrapopulations. It was verified that the increase of the parasite intensity was accompanied by the decrease of the mean biomass of the parasites. Decrease of the volume of the eggs was verified with the increase of the density and of the parasite intensity. The results of the present work could suggested the occurrence of density-dependent factors and the decrease of testicles volume and the biomass of the males with the increase of the parasite density in the infrapopulations of M. emberizae in the intestine of P dominicana.

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