scholarly journals Development of a genetic system for the archaeal virus Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV)

Virology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 415 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fulton Wirth ◽  
Jamie C. Snyder ◽  
Rebecca A. Hochstein ◽  
Alice C. Ortmann ◽  
Deborah A. Willits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic System ◽  
Archaeal Virus ◽  
Icosahedral Virus ◽  
Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus

scholarly journals The Architecture and Chemical Stability of the Archaeal Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (18) ◽  
pp. 9575-9583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Khayat ◽  
Chi-yu Fu ◽  
Alice C. Ortmann ◽  
Mark J. Young ◽  
John E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Major Capsid Protein ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Archaeal Virus ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Capsid Shell ◽  
Icosahedral Virus ◽  
Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Viruses utilize a diverse array of mechanisms to deliver their genomes into hosts. While great strides have been made in understanding the genome delivery of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses, little is known about archaeal virus genome delivery and the associated particle changes. The Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) archaeal virus that contains a host-derived membrane sandwiched between the genome and the proteinaceous capsid shell. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and different biochemical treatments, we identified three viral morphologies that may correspond to biochemical disassembly states of STIV. One of these morphologies was subtly different from the previously published 27-Å-resolution electron density that was interpreted with the crystal structure of the major capsid protein (MCP). However, these particles could be analyzed at 12.5-Å resolution by cryo-EM. Comparing these two structures, we identified the location of multiple proteins forming the large turret-like appendages at the icosahedral vertices, observed heterogeneous glycosylation of the capsid shell, and identified mobile MCP C-terminal arms responsible for tethering and releasing the underlying viral membrane to and from the capsid shell. Collectively, our studies allow us to propose a fusogenic mechanism of genome delivery by STIV, in which the dismantled capsid shell allows for the fusion of the viral and host membranes and the internalization of the viral genome.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Infection of the Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus with Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (13) ◽  
pp. 6784-6784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice C. Ortmann ◽  
Susan K. Brumfield ◽  
Jasper Walther ◽  
Kathleen McInnerney ◽  
Stan J. J. Brouns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Sulfolobus Solfataricus ◽  
Icosahedral Virus ◽  
Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus

Genetics, biochemistry and structure of the archaeal virus STIV

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fulton ◽  
Brian Bothner ◽  
Martin Lawrence ◽  
John E. Johnson ◽  
Trevor Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
Archaeal Virus ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Replication Strategy ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus

STIV (Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus) has been the subject of detailed structural, genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical studies. STIV arguably has been investigated in more detail than any other archaeal virus. As a result, we know more about STIV than other viruses infecting members of the Archaea domain. Like most viruses isolated from crenarchaeal hosts, STIV has little in common with viruses that infect eukaryotic and bacterial hosts and should be considered the founding member of a new virus family. However, despite this lack of obvious homology with other viruses, STIV has components of gene content, replication strategy and particle structure reminiscent of viruses of the Eukarya and Bacteria domains, suggesting an evolutionary relationship between viruses from all domains of life. The present mini-review describes the current knowledge of this virus and insights it has given us into viral and cellular evolution, as well as newly developed tools for the further study of STIV–host interactions.

scholarly journals Familial Relationships in Hyperthermo- and Acidophilic Archaeal Viruses

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 4747-4754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Johanna Happonen ◽  
Peter Redder ◽  
Xu Peng ◽  
Laila Johanne Reigstad ◽  
David Prangishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Organization ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Archaeal Virus ◽  
Archaeal Viruses ◽  
Icosahedral Virus ◽  
Host Cell Interactions

ABSTRACT Archaea often live in extreme, harsh environments such as acidic hot springs and hypersaline waters. To date, only two icosahedrally symmetric, membrane-containing archaeal viruses, SH1 and Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV), have been described in detail. We report the sequence and three-dimensional structure of a third such virus isolated from a hyperthermoacidophilic crenarchaeon, Sulfolobus strain G4ST-2. Characterization of this new isolate revealed it to be similar to STIV on the levels of genome and structural organization. The genome organization indicates that these two viruses have diverged from a common ancestor. Interestingly, the prominent surface turrets of the two viruses are strikingly different. By sequencing and mass spectrometry, we mapped several large insertions and deletions in the known structural proteins that could account for these differences and showed that both viruses can infect the same host. A combination of genomic and proteomic analyses revealed important new insights into the structural organization of these viruses and added to our limited knowledge of archaeal virus life cycles and host-cell interactions.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Metallosphaera Turreted Icosahedral Virus, a Founding Member of a New Family of Archaeal Viruses

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassia Wagner ◽  
Vijay Reddy ◽  
Francisco Asturias ◽  
Maryam Khoshouei ◽  
John E. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spring ◽  
Archaeal Virus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Founding Member ◽  
New Family ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
Archaeal Viruses ◽  
Icosahedral Virus

ABSTRACT Our understanding of archaeal virus diversity and structure is just beginning to emerge. Here we describe a new archaeal virus, tentatively named Metallosphaera turreted icosahedral virus (MTIV), that was isolated from an acidic hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Two strains of the virus were identified and were found to replicate in an archaeal host species closely related to Metallosphaera yellowstonensis. Each strain encodes a 9.8- to 9.9-kb linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome with large inverted terminal repeats. Each genome encodes 21 open reading frames (ORFs). The ORFs display high homology between the strains, but they are quite distinct from other known viral genes. The 70-nm-diameter virion is built on a T=28 icosahedral lattice. Both single particle cryo-electron microscopy and cryotomography reconstructions reveal an unusual structure that has 42 turret-like projections: 12 pentameric turrets positioned on the icosahedral 5-fold axes and 30 turrets with apparent hexameric symmetry positioned on the icosahedral 2-fold axes. Both the virion structural properties and the genome content support MTIV as the founding member of a new family of archaeal viruses. IMPORTANCE Many archaeal viruses are quite different from viruses infecting bacteria and eukaryotes. Initial characterization of MTIV reveals a virus distinct from other known bacterial, eukaryotic, and archaeal viruses; this finding suggests that viruses infecting Archaea are still an understudied group. As the first known virus infecting a Metallosphaera sp., MTIV provides a new system for exploring archaeal virology by examining host-virus interactions and the unique features of MTIV structure-function relationships. These studies will likely expand our understanding of virus ecology and evolution.

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