Peroxone mineralization of chemical oxygen demand for direct potable water reuse: Kinetics and process control

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 362-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wu ◽  
James D. Englehardt
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand

scholarly journals Fresh-cut Produce Wash Water Reuse Affects Water Quality and Packaged Product Quality and Microbial Growth in Romaine Lettuce

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaguang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Fresh Cut

Washing is a critical step for maintaining quality and safety of fresh-cut produce during its preparation and is often the only measure taken to reduce microbial populations and remove tissue fluids. However, little is known about the effect of washing method on water quality or its consequence on microbial growth and finished product quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wash water reuse on changes in water quality and its subsequent effect on microbial growth and product quality of packaged fresh-cut Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Romaine lettuce leaves were sliced and washed in water with chemical oxygen demand levels ranging from 9.8 mg·L−1 (fresh water) to 1860.5 mg·L−1 (reused water) and product-to-water ratios of 1:20 and 1:150. The washed samples were dried and placed into packages prepared from films with an oxygen transmission rate of 8.0 pmol·s−1·m−2·Pa−1 and stored at 5 °C for 14 days. Microbial growth and product quality were monitored at days 0, 4, 8, 11, and 14 during storage. Results indicate that as the quantity of lettuce dipped in 40 L of water increased from 2.0 kg to 18.0 kg, water chemical oxygen demand increased from 124 mg·L−1 to 1721 mg·L−1 and biological oxygen demand increased from 140 mg·L−1 to 526 mg·L−1, whereas free and total chlorine levels declined from 151.5 mg·L−1 to 4.7 mg·L−1 and from 171 mg·L−1 to 31.5 mg·L−1, respectively. Thoroughly washed lettuce in clean water with a small product-to-water ratio had the least off-odor development. Samples without wash treatment and those washed with reused water had 0.8 to 1.6 log cfu·g−1 higher populations of lactic acid bacteria than those washed with clean water at the end of storage.

Use of the Immediate Maximum Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate as an Activated Sludge Process Control Parameter

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Shamas ◽  
A. J. Englande
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate

The immediate maximum specific oxygen uptake rate (SOURim) was investigated as a potential process control parameter for the activated sludge system. Variability in effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand correlated very well with the levels of SOURim at cell residence times of 3, 5, and 10 days. Transient response studied under batch growth conditions indicated a strong correlation between the SOURim, chemical oxygen demand, and the ribonucleic acid rates of change. The SOURim can therefore be used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe a given biomass thus making it a better suited parameter for use in process control strategies.

scholarly journals Applicability of domestic grey water reuse for alleviation of water crisis in Dhaka City

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Kumar Biswas ◽  
Md. Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Yeasir Arif Rahman ◽  
Md. Mehbuboor Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Daily Water

Overdependency on ground water resources for meeting the daily water demand in Dhaka City is leading to excessive pressure on ground water aquifer systems and is deepening the ground water table every year. This paper focuses on how reuse of grey water generated from different sources of domestic purposes every day can alter the considerable daily water demand in this city. Sampling and characterization of grey water was accomplished according to different types of residential sources such as water from brushing, bathing, floor washing and laundry. In Dhaka City, household average grey water generation is 85 L per capita per day, which is 60% of the total waste water generated in a house in a day. After reclamation, this grey water can be reused for toilet flushing, gardening, car washing and fire fighting, which can play a crucial role of meeting city water demand since reusable grey water generation is around two times greater than the total demand of water for those purposes. During characterization, emphasis was given to the determination of basic parameters like pH, turbidity, colour, solid content, bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC). Among all the grey water sources, laundry water was found to be the most contaminated. Aesthetic quality of grey water is another issue of public acceptance.

scholarly journals Membrane-based conceptual design of reuse water production from candy factory wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kyllönen ◽  
Juha Heikkinen ◽  
Javier Ceras ◽  
Claudio Fernandez ◽  
Olaf Porc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Very High

Abstract Intense pressure on water resources has led to efforts to reuse reclaimed processing wastewater in the food industry. There are tight rules for water quality, but efficient separation technologies such as reverse osmosis possess good possibilities for water reuse. This study developed a membrane-based reuse water concept for wastewater from the candy industry emphasizing the pre-treatment stage in the concept to reduce fouling. The wastewater contained suspended solids, sugar compounds and the ingredients for candy gelation, which had a tendency to foul membranes, making pre-treatment essential for successful concept. Cross-rotational ultrafiltration, which featured enhanced fouling prevention for membranes, functioned well for the removal of challenging substances. Conventional filtration technologies were impractical due to a low flux, even when the viscosity of the wastewater was reduced using surfactants. The wastewater had a high chemical oxygen demand, meaning that there were a strong fouling potential for reverse osmosis membranes, but also high osmotic pressure. A spiral wound reverse osmosis functioned well when the wastewater was pre-treated, and it produced good quality water with respect to all the other studied parameters except the chemical oxygen demand. However, chemical oxygen demand rejection was 99% since the concentration in the wastewater was originally very high.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on Treatment of Greywater using a Prototype

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Greywater Reuse

Water is principal standard resource brought by nature. Freshwater deficiency is a noteworthy issue impacts no less than one fifth of the aggregate masses and more will be affected on account of people advancement. Now a days the openness of consumable water isn’t abundant. Hence to satisfy the need and demand, the best course of action is reusing, and treatment of family wastewater except an irreplaceable part for the human activities. We pick diminish water reuse and stimulate near bore well. For this examination unrefined water and bore water is accumulated from three one of a kind domain, which is attempted by physical and naturally while treating. This ask about expected to consider the efficiencies of unravel treatment for greywater reuse with three models using fine aggregates, various sizes of coarse aggregate, powdered activated carbon in view of quick sand channel thought and complexity and bore water standards. Physic-blend parameters viz. turbidity, pH, CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD), DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Conductivity, Hardness and alkalinity were penniless down. Organic parameters including coli form were finished by two strategies. The empirical formulas were additionally developed utilizing this investigation. The correlation between's pH-turbidity, pH-EC, pH-DO, pH-BOD, turbidity-Hardness, turbidity-DO, turbidity-BOD, turbidity-COD, BOD-DO, BOD-COD were derived. The expulsion proficiency of pH, turbidity, hardness, ELECTICAL CONDUCTIVITY(EC), DISSOLVED OXYGEN(DO), BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(BOD) and CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(COD) were between 50% - 90%, 75% - 90%, 70% - 85%, 50% - 90%, 85% - 99%, 70% - 90% and 55% - 90% individually. It is a convincing system for treatment of diminish water when appeared differently in relation to the standard method so it can be executed on little scale at houses, structures et cetera. The result get also nearer to the ground water of different sources. The best level of capability were high, showing the capacity of the structure, and proposing their change keeping in mind the end goal to achieve ordinary viability.

REMOVAL OF DYE AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) REDUCTION FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER USING HYBRID BIOREACTORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Najafpour Darzi ◽  
Reza Katal ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Seyed Omid Rastegar ◽  
Poorya Mavaddat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Reduction

Spatio-temporal Variations in Water Quality Parameter Trends in River Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2940-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Zelenakova ◽  
Pavol Purcz ◽  
Radu Daniel Pintilii ◽  
Peter Blistan ◽  
Petr Hlustik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen

Evaluating trends in water quality indicators is a crucial issue in integrated water resource management in any country. In this study eight chemical and physical water quality indicators were analysed in seven river profiles in the River Laborec in eastern Slovakia. The analysed water quality parameters were biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), pH, temperature (t), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and total phosphorus (TP). Data from the monitored indicators were provided by the Ko�ice branch of the Slovakian Water Management Company, over a period of 15 years from 1999 to 2013. Mann�Kendall non-parametric statistical test was used for the trend analysis. Biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, ammonium and nitrite nitrogen content exhibit decreasing trends in the River Laborec. Decreasing agricultural activity in the area has had a significant impact on the trends in these parameters. However, NO2--N was the significant parameter of water quality because it mostly exceeds the limit value set in Slovak legislation, Regulation No. 269/2010 Coll. In addition, water temperature revealed an increasing trend which could be caused by global increase in air temperature. These results indicate that human activity significantly impacts the water quality.

Advanced treatment for potable water reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 581-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Khan ◽  
Troy Walker ◽  
Benjamin D Stanford ◽  
Jörg E. Drewes
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Advanced Treatment
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