scholarly journals Applicability of domestic grey water reuse for alleviation of water crisis in Dhaka City

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Kumar Biswas ◽  
Md. Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Yeasir Arif Rahman ◽  
Md. Mehbuboor Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Daily Water

Overdependency on ground water resources for meeting the daily water demand in Dhaka City is leading to excessive pressure on ground water aquifer systems and is deepening the ground water table every year. This paper focuses on how reuse of grey water generated from different sources of domestic purposes every day can alter the considerable daily water demand in this city. Sampling and characterization of grey water was accomplished according to different types of residential sources such as water from brushing, bathing, floor washing and laundry. In Dhaka City, household average grey water generation is 85 L per capita per day, which is 60% of the total waste water generated in a house in a day. After reclamation, this grey water can be reused for toilet flushing, gardening, car washing and fire fighting, which can play a crucial role of meeting city water demand since reusable grey water generation is around two times greater than the total demand of water for those purposes. During characterization, emphasis was given to the determination of basic parameters like pH, turbidity, colour, solid content, bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC). Among all the grey water sources, laundry water was found to be the most contaminated. Aesthetic quality of grey water is another issue of public acceptance.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water in V.V Nagar and Near by Places of Anand District,Gujarat, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Mishra ◽  
Vasishta Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbial Study

A report of physico-chemical and microbial study of the water samples taken from the region nearby Anand district of central Gujarat is presented here. Six water samples are subjected to physico- chemical analysis like pH, TDS, hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand. The MPN count resulted from the bacteriological study of these samples has given the information regarding the suitability of the water for drinking and other domestic applications. The results are analyzed comparatively and conclusions regarding the suitability of the use of such waters are made.

scholarly journals Fresh-cut Produce Wash Water Reuse Affects Water Quality and Packaged Product Quality and Microbial Growth in Romaine Lettuce

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaguang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Fresh Cut

Washing is a critical step for maintaining quality and safety of fresh-cut produce during its preparation and is often the only measure taken to reduce microbial populations and remove tissue fluids. However, little is known about the effect of washing method on water quality or its consequence on microbial growth and finished product quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wash water reuse on changes in water quality and its subsequent effect on microbial growth and product quality of packaged fresh-cut Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Romaine lettuce leaves were sliced and washed in water with chemical oxygen demand levels ranging from 9.8 mg·L−1 (fresh water) to 1860.5 mg·L−1 (reused water) and product-to-water ratios of 1:20 and 1:150. The washed samples were dried and placed into packages prepared from films with an oxygen transmission rate of 8.0 pmol·s−1·m−2·Pa−1 and stored at 5 °C for 14 days. Microbial growth and product quality were monitored at days 0, 4, 8, 11, and 14 during storage. Results indicate that as the quantity of lettuce dipped in 40 L of water increased from 2.0 kg to 18.0 kg, water chemical oxygen demand increased from 124 mg·L−1 to 1721 mg·L−1 and biological oxygen demand increased from 140 mg·L−1 to 526 mg·L−1, whereas free and total chlorine levels declined from 151.5 mg·L−1 to 4.7 mg·L−1 and from 171 mg·L−1 to 31.5 mg·L−1, respectively. Thoroughly washed lettuce in clean water with a small product-to-water ratio had the least off-odor development. Samples without wash treatment and those washed with reused water had 0.8 to 1.6 log cfu·g−1 higher populations of lactic acid bacteria than those washed with clean water at the end of storage.

scholarly journals Feasibility of on-site grey-water reuse for toilet flushing in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Martin Wagner ◽  
Peter Cornel ◽  
Hongbin Chen ◽  
Xiaohu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Toilet Flushing ◽  
Grey Water Reuse

Abstract Although the total reuse rate of municipal wastewater was 8.8% in China in 2012, water crisis is forcing China to increasingly develop water reuse. Urban reuse is comparatively poor and has significant potential to be promoted in China. It is a sensitive matter whether to include kitchen wastewater in grey-water reuse in water-deficient areas when kitchen wastewater accounts for a large proportion of total domestic water consumption. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand), and total organic carbon in kitchen wastewater are comparatively lower in China than in other countries, but a high concentration of nitrogen from washing tableware and rice makes it difficult to meet nitrogen requirements in Chinese guidelines. Whether kitchen wastewater should be included in grey-water reuse in China needs further study. Aerobic biological processes combined with physical filtration and/or disinfection is preferred in grey-water treatment, and how to balance the investment and treatment costs with reuse criteria still needs to be researched further. The promotion of reclaimed water for toilet flushing faces resistance in China. The necessity and effectiveness of existing restrictions in water reuse guidelines for toilet flushing in China are in doubt and need further discussion.

scholarly journals Membrane-based conceptual design of reuse water production from candy factory wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kyllönen ◽  
Juha Heikkinen ◽  
Javier Ceras ◽  
Claudio Fernandez ◽  
Olaf Porc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Very High

Abstract Intense pressure on water resources has led to efforts to reuse reclaimed processing wastewater in the food industry. There are tight rules for water quality, but efficient separation technologies such as reverse osmosis possess good possibilities for water reuse. This study developed a membrane-based reuse water concept for wastewater from the candy industry emphasizing the pre-treatment stage in the concept to reduce fouling. The wastewater contained suspended solids, sugar compounds and the ingredients for candy gelation, which had a tendency to foul membranes, making pre-treatment essential for successful concept. Cross-rotational ultrafiltration, which featured enhanced fouling prevention for membranes, functioned well for the removal of challenging substances. Conventional filtration technologies were impractical due to a low flux, even when the viscosity of the wastewater was reduced using surfactants. The wastewater had a high chemical oxygen demand, meaning that there were a strong fouling potential for reverse osmosis membranes, but also high osmotic pressure. A spiral wound reverse osmosis functioned well when the wastewater was pre-treated, and it produced good quality water with respect to all the other studied parameters except the chemical oxygen demand. However, chemical oxygen demand rejection was 99% since the concentration in the wastewater was originally very high.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on Treatment of Greywater using a Prototype

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Greywater Reuse

Water is principal standard resource brought by nature. Freshwater deficiency is a noteworthy issue impacts no less than one fifth of the aggregate masses and more will be affected on account of people advancement. Now a days the openness of consumable water isn’t abundant. Hence to satisfy the need and demand, the best course of action is reusing, and treatment of family wastewater except an irreplaceable part for the human activities. We pick diminish water reuse and stimulate near bore well. For this examination unrefined water and bore water is accumulated from three one of a kind domain, which is attempted by physical and naturally while treating. This ask about expected to consider the efficiencies of unravel treatment for greywater reuse with three models using fine aggregates, various sizes of coarse aggregate, powdered activated carbon in view of quick sand channel thought and complexity and bore water standards. Physic-blend parameters viz. turbidity, pH, CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD), DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Conductivity, Hardness and alkalinity were penniless down. Organic parameters including coli form were finished by two strategies. The empirical formulas were additionally developed utilizing this investigation. The correlation between's pH-turbidity, pH-EC, pH-DO, pH-BOD, turbidity-Hardness, turbidity-DO, turbidity-BOD, turbidity-COD, BOD-DO, BOD-COD were derived. The expulsion proficiency of pH, turbidity, hardness, ELECTICAL CONDUCTIVITY(EC), DISSOLVED OXYGEN(DO), BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(BOD) and CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(COD) were between 50% - 90%, 75% - 90%, 70% - 85%, 50% - 90%, 85% - 99%, 70% - 90% and 55% - 90% individually. It is a convincing system for treatment of diminish water when appeared differently in relation to the standard method so it can be executed on little scale at houses, structures et cetera. The result get also nearer to the ground water of different sources. The best level of capability were high, showing the capacity of the structure, and proposing their change keeping in mind the end goal to achieve ordinary viability.

scholarly journals Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Domestik Central Processing Plant (CPP) Gundih PT. Pertamina EP Asset 4 Cepu Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Aviandini Galih Hanuranti ◽  
Sulistiya Nengse ◽  
Arqowi Pribadi ◽  
Dyah Ratri Nurmaningsih ◽  
Teguh Taruna Utama
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Black Water

Central Processing Plant (CPP) Gundih merupakan salah satu fasilitas produksi pengolahan gas alam Blok Gundih PT. Pertamina EP Asset 4 Cepu Field dari strukrur Kedungtuban, Randublatung, dan Kedunglusi. Kegiatan utama CPP Gundih terdiri dari kegiatan produksi dan kegiatan operasional. Kegiatan produksi menghasilkan air limbah berupa air terproduksi. Pengolahan air terproduksi terintegrasi dengan sistem dan proses produksi. Sedangkan kegiatan operasional menghasilkan air limbah yang berasal dari kegiatan domestik (perkantoran) oleh 161 pekerja/hari. Kuantitas air limbah domestik 21,896 m3/hari dengan kualitas Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan Total Suspended Solid (TSS) adalah 9,8 mg/L, 100 mg/L, dan 33 mg/L. Air limbah domestik berupa grey water dan black water saat ini ditampung dalam tangki septik. Air limpasan dari tangki septik dialirkan melalui saluran drainase tanpa pengolahan. Perlu direncanakan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) domestik yang tepat yaitu menggunakan unit biofilter anaerob-aerob. Biaya yang dibutuhan untuk pembangunan IPAL domestik ini adalah Rp. 13.590.441,80-.

MASALAH DAN ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR UNTUK MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Daily Water

Clean water to poor communities who live in crowded municipal area is stillexpensive and a luxury. This condition is evidenced by the number of people whouse ground water for their daily water, because water taps still seems expensivefor them. Diarrheal disease is still relatively high for Indonesia, where nearly 16thousand people suffer from diarrhea due to poor sanitation. To help the poor inthe city, there are several alternative technologies that can be applied to publicaccess to clean water and adequate low-cost, including ground water treatmenttechnology with a filter system equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer, or ozonegenerators, or using ultrafiltration, if possible can also use the reverse osmosismembrane that for fresh water. Arsinum is the best alternative should be chosenfor fulfilled potable water in slump area.Keywords : Sanitation, water treatment technology, portable water, low-cost, slump area

REMOVAL OF DYE AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) REDUCTION FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER USING HYBRID BIOREACTORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Najafpour Darzi ◽  
Reza Katal ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Seyed Omid Rastegar ◽  
Poorya Mavaddat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Reduction
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