scholarly journals Membrane-based conceptual design of reuse water production from candy factory wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kyllönen ◽  
Juha Heikkinen ◽  
Javier Ceras ◽  
Claudio Fernandez ◽  
Olaf Porc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Very High

Abstract Intense pressure on water resources has led to efforts to reuse reclaimed processing wastewater in the food industry. There are tight rules for water quality, but efficient separation technologies such as reverse osmosis possess good possibilities for water reuse. This study developed a membrane-based reuse water concept for wastewater from the candy industry emphasizing the pre-treatment stage in the concept to reduce fouling. The wastewater contained suspended solids, sugar compounds and the ingredients for candy gelation, which had a tendency to foul membranes, making pre-treatment essential for successful concept. Cross-rotational ultrafiltration, which featured enhanced fouling prevention for membranes, functioned well for the removal of challenging substances. Conventional filtration technologies were impractical due to a low flux, even when the viscosity of the wastewater was reduced using surfactants. The wastewater had a high chemical oxygen demand, meaning that there were a strong fouling potential for reverse osmosis membranes, but also high osmotic pressure. A spiral wound reverse osmosis functioned well when the wastewater was pre-treated, and it produced good quality water with respect to all the other studied parameters except the chemical oxygen demand. However, chemical oxygen demand rejection was 99% since the concentration in the wastewater was originally very high.

Alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench for biogas production

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Michalska ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Almost All

AbstractThis work studies the influence of the alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench — a representative of energy crops used in biogas production. Solutions containing various concentrations of sodium hydroxide were used to achieve the highest degradation of lignocellulosic structures. The results obtained after chemical pre-treatment indicate that the use of NaOH leads to the removal of almost all lignin (over 99 % in the case of 5 mass % NaOH) from the biomass, which is a prerequisite for efficient anaerobic digestion. Several parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total phenolic content, volatile fatty acids, and general nitrogen were determined in the hydrolysates thus obtained in order to define the most favourable conditions. The best results were obtained for the Sorghum treated with 5 mass % NaOH at 121°C for 30 min The hydrolysate thus achieved consisted of high total phenolic compounds concentration (ca. 4.7 g L−1) and chemical oxygen demand value (ca. 45 g L−1). Although single alkali hydrolysis causes total degradation of glucose, a combined chemical and enzymatic pre-treatment of Sorghum leads to the release of large amounts of this monosaccharide into the supernatant. This indicates that alkali pre-treatment does not lead to complete cellulose destruction. The high degradation of lignin structure in the first step of the pre-treatment rendered the remainder of the biomass available for enzymatic action. A comparison of the efficiency of biogas production from untreated Sorghum and Sorghum treated with the use of NaOH and enzymes shows that chemical hydrolysis improves the anaerobic digestion effectiveness and the combined pre-treatment could have great potential for methane generation.

Forward osmosis for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from water reclamation: process performance and fouling control

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kazner ◽  
S. Jamil ◽  
S. Phuntsho ◽  
H. K. Shon ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
A Minor

While high quality water reuse based on dual membrane filtration (membrane filtration or ultrafiltration, followed by reverse osmosis) is expected to be progressively applied, treatment and sustainable management of the produced reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) are still important issues. Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising technology for maximising water recovery and further dewatering ROC so that zero liquid discharge is produced. Elevated concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds may act as potential foulants of the concentrate desalting system, in that they consist of, for example, FO and a subsequent crystallizer. The present study investigated conditions under which the FO system can serve as concentration phase with the focus on its fouling propensity using model foulants and real ROC. Bulk organics from ROC consisted mainly of humic acids (HA) and building blocks since wastewater-derived biopolymers were retained by membrane filtration or ultrafiltration. Organic fouling of the FO system by ROC-derived bulk organics was low. HA was only adsorbed moderately at about 7% of the initial concentration, causing a minor flux decline of about 2–4%. However, scaling was a major impediment to this process if not properly controlled, for instance by pH adjustment or softening.

Influence of physico-chemical treatment on the subsequent biological process treating paper industry wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouhamed el khames Saad ◽  
Younes Moussaoui ◽  
Asma Zaghbani ◽  
Imen Mosrati ◽  
Elimame Elaloui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biodegradation Study ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The present paper presents the main results of the biodegradation study of paper industry wastewater through physico-chemical treatment. Indeed, around 60% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal can be achieved by electroflocculation treatment. Furthermore, a removal efficiency of the COD of almost 91% has been obtained by biological treatment, with activated amount of sludge for 24 h of culture. Concerning the physico-chemical pre-treatment of the untreated, filtered and electroflocculated rejection effluents, it has been investigated through the degradation curve of COD studies.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR SEWAGE RECLAMATION: A FOCUS ON THE DISINFECTION PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-99
Author(s):  
Noorini Izzati Mohamad Mazuki ◽  
Yeit Haan Teow ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Almost All

Selection of suitable disinfection technology is necessary with regards to wastewater reclamation goals. In this work, the performance of various disinfection technologies - single disinfection units and integrated disinfection systems - on local sewage was studied for non-potable reuse. Disinfection units used as stand-alone units include ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, chlorination, microfiltration (MF), and ultrafiltration (UF). The integrated disinfection system consists of UV or chlorination as the primary disinfection unit incorporated with either MF, UF, multi-media or granular activated carbon as pre-treatment. The performance of these disinfection units and integrated processes were evaluated based on the percentage of removal of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, Escherichia coli, and trihalomethane in bench-scale disinfection systems. The single unit of PES20kDa membrane and the integrated disinfection system of UF-Cl showed the most effective treatment among single disinfection units and integrated systems, respectively. The results showed that almost all disinfection units and integrated disinfection processes were useable for restricted and unrestricted area non-potable applications according to United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) water reuse guidelines and managed to fulfil Singapore grey water quality for recycling. ABSTRAK: Pemilihan teknologi penyahjangkitan kuman yang sesuai adalah perlu selaras dengan matlamat pemulihgunaan air buangan. Kajian ini adalah tentang prestasi pelbagai teknologi penyahjangkitan kuman - unit tunggal penyahjangkitan kuman dan sistem penyahjangkitan kuman bersepadu pada air sisa kumbahan tempatan dikaji bagi penggunaan semula air minuman. Unit  tunggal penyahjangkitan kuman yang digunakan mempunyai penyahjangkitan kuman ultraungu (UV), pengklorinan, mikro penurasan (MF), dan ultra penurasan (UF). Manakala, sistem penyahjangkitan kuman bersepadu terdiri daripada UV atau pengklorinan sebagai unit penyahjangkitan kuman utama yang digabungkan bersama samada dengan MF, UF, multi-media atau karbon teraktif berbutir sebagai proses pra-rawatan. Prestasi unit tunggal penyahjangkitan kuman dan proses-proses bersepadu dinilai berdasarkan pada peratus penyingkiran keperluan oksigen biokimia, permintaan oksigen kimia, jumlah pepejal terampai, nitrogen ammonia, nitrogen nitrat, fosforus, coli Escherichia, dan trihalometana dalam sistem penyahjangkitan kuman berskala-makmal. Unit tunggal penurasan ultra membran PES20kDa dan sistem penyahjangkitan kuman bersepadu UF-Cl menunjukkan masing-masing paling efektif dalam rawatan unit tunggal dan sistem penyahjangkitan kuman bersepadu. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa hampir semua unit tunggal penyahjangkitan kuman dan proses penyahjangkitan kuman bersepadu boleh diguna pakai bagi aplikasi terhad dan tidak terhad  mengikut garis panduan penggunaan semula air sisa rawatan yang ditetapkan oleh Agensi Pelindungan Alam Sekitar Amerika Syarikat (US EPA) dan kualiti kitar semula air sisa Singapura.

scholarly journals Enhanced Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal in the Pre-Treatment of Sludge Wastewater by Coagulation

OALib ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yateh ◽  
Yufei Lu ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
Fengting Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Evaluation of Influencing Factors of the Flocculation Process Waste Emulsion Cutting Oil to Reduce COD Parameters 

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Very High

Waste emulsion cutting oil has a very high COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and it was very harmful to the environment. In this study, flocculation method was investigated to reduce COD of the waste emulsion cutting oil discharged from Samsung, Thai-nguyen company. The waste emulsion cutting oil with the initial parameters such as oil content of 5.35%v/v; pH = 8.72; COD = 147,200 mg/l was used. Particle size and its distribution of the emulsion were determined by laser scattering. Results showed that the particle size of the emulsion has a narrow characteristic ranging from 0.058 to 1.729 µm, averaged at 0.22 µm. Several factors affecting to the flocculation process were pH (ranging from 3 to 10); Al2(SO4)3 content; C-PAM content and stirring speed during treatment of emulsion cutting oil. The best efficiency in COD reduction obtained was 98.24% (COD is 2,586 mg/l) at the optimum condition of pH = 5; Al2(SO4)3 of 2 g/l; C-PAM of 12 mg/kg at a stirring speed of 50 rpm for 25 minutes.

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