scholarly journals Experimental Research on Treatment of Greywater using a Prototype

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Greywater Reuse

Water is principal standard resource brought by nature. Freshwater deficiency is a noteworthy issue impacts no less than one fifth of the aggregate masses and more will be affected on account of people advancement. Now a days the openness of consumable water isn’t abundant. Hence to satisfy the need and demand, the best course of action is reusing, and treatment of family wastewater except an irreplaceable part for the human activities. We pick diminish water reuse and stimulate near bore well. For this examination unrefined water and bore water is accumulated from three one of a kind domain, which is attempted by physical and naturally while treating. This ask about expected to consider the efficiencies of unravel treatment for greywater reuse with three models using fine aggregates, various sizes of coarse aggregate, powdered activated carbon in view of quick sand channel thought and complexity and bore water standards. Physic-blend parameters viz. turbidity, pH, CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD), DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Conductivity, Hardness and alkalinity were penniless down. Organic parameters including coli form were finished by two strategies. The empirical formulas were additionally developed utilizing this investigation. The correlation between's pH-turbidity, pH-EC, pH-DO, pH-BOD, turbidity-Hardness, turbidity-DO, turbidity-BOD, turbidity-COD, BOD-DO, BOD-COD were derived. The expulsion proficiency of pH, turbidity, hardness, ELECTICAL CONDUCTIVITY(EC), DISSOLVED OXYGEN(DO), BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(BOD) and CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(COD) were between 50% - 90%, 75% - 90%, 70% - 85%, 50% - 90%, 85% - 99%, 70% - 90% and 55% - 90% individually. It is a convincing system for treatment of diminish water when appeared differently in relation to the standard method so it can be executed on little scale at houses, structures et cetera. The result get also nearer to the ground water of different sources. The best level of capability were high, showing the capacity of the structure, and proposing their change keeping in mind the end goal to achieve ordinary viability.

scholarly journals Penanganan Parameter yang Hilang dalam Aplikasi Penilaian Kualitas Air IKA-INA

Jurnal Ecolab ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratnaningsih ◽  
◽  
Retno Puji Lestari ◽  
Ernawita Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phosphate ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Kualitas air di suatu wilayah yang merupakan salah satu indikator lingkungan dapat dievaluasi menggunakan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Indeks Kualitas Air Indonesia (IKA-INA) dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas air secara menyeluruh pada lokasi dan waktu tertentu. IKA-INA dihitung dengan menggunakan sepuluh (10) parameter yaitu pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), NO3, NH3, Total Phosphate (TP) dan fecal coliform. IKA-INA tersebut merupakan indeks kualitas air yang dapat memberikan informasi secara sederhana. Dalam pemanfaatannya, tidak semua data parameter dalam IKA-INA tersebut dapat terpenuhi karena adanya data tidak valid atau data yang hilang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi alternatif rumusan IKA-INA dengan parameter yang tidak lengkap atau jika tidak semua data dalam parameters tersebut tersedia. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun rumusan adalah dengan melakukan koreksi faktor bobot parameter IKA-INA terhadap parameter yang hilang dan nilai Q (nilai sub-indeks). Setelah itu dilakukan uji coba pada nilai baku mutu air dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22/2021 Lampiran VI serta pada data kualitas air sungai yang mewakili kualitas baik dan buruk. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa bobot parameter terkoreksi dapat digunakan untuk penanganan parameter yang hilang dalam penilaian kualitas air dengan metode IKA-INA. Hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter hilang yang menggunakan bobot terkoreksi dan hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter lengkap mayoritas memberikan status IKA yang tidak berbeda, kecuali untuk parameter fecal coli dan parameter yang mempunyai kadar jauh berbeda terhadap kondisi air secara keseluruhan.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality Characteristics of Kaduna River Receiving Wastewater Discharges

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
H. Garba ◽  
C. A. Elanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

An assessment of the chemical characteristics of industrial and domestic wastewater discharges on seven parameters into Kaduna River on a bimonthly basis was carried out. PH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride, nitrite, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and iron were analyzed to determine their concentration levels. From the analysis, the highest mean concentration of the parameters were 8.24 of pH, 7.7 mg/l of DO, 233.4 mg/l of chloride, 55.68 mg/l of COD, 27.95 mg/l of nitrite, 122.22 mg/l of BOD, and 17.05 mg/l of iron. After comparing with prescribed standards, it can be concluded that there is evidence of organic and inorganic accumulation of contaminants into River Kaduna.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Succession of Bacterial Community in O3/BAC Process of Drinking Water Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Dong ◽  
Lijun Liu ◽  
Yuxiu Zhang ◽  
Fajun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
N Removal

In the drinking water industry, a common advanced treatment process is comprised of treatment with ozone, followed by biological-activated carbon (O3/BAC). However, the bacterial community formation and succession procedures associated with activated carbon have rarely been reported. In this study, the dynamics of bacterial communities at three different depths were investigated using a pilot-scale O3/BAC filter. The average chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), turbidity removal and dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption rate of the filter were 26.43%, 16.57% and 16.4% during the operation period, respectively. Bacterial communities dominated by proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes attached on activated carbon were determined by polymerase chain reaction-density gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the compositions and structures of bacterial communities in different layers clustered after fluctuation. A redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that Ramlibacter henchirensis was positively correlated to chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) removal and nitrate-N removal, and Georgfuchsia toluolica also showed a positive correlation with CODMn removal. Aquabacterium parvum and Phaeobacterium nitratireducens were positively-correlated with turbidity removal. Pedobacter glucosidilyticus and Pseudomonas sp. were associated with high dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption. These results provide insight into the succession characteristics of the bacterial community of O3/BAC treatment and the interactions of the bacterial community with filter operation performance.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water in V.V Nagar and Near by Places of Anand District,Gujarat, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Mishra ◽  
Vasishta Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbial Study

A report of physico-chemical and microbial study of the water samples taken from the region nearby Anand district of central Gujarat is presented here. Six water samples are subjected to physico- chemical analysis like pH, TDS, hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand. The MPN count resulted from the bacteriological study of these samples has given the information regarding the suitability of the water for drinking and other domestic applications. The results are analyzed comparatively and conclusions regarding the suitability of the use of such waters are made.

scholarly journals Water quality assessments and metagenomic analysis of the polluted river Apatlaco, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Breton-Deval ◽  
Katy Juárez ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Flores ◽  
Rosario Vera-Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
The People ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to analyze the water quality parameters and bacterial diversity and thereby understand the effect of water quality on the microbial population structure in the river. The following parameters: total coliforms, chemical oxygen demand, harness, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids, and temperature were analyzing along 17 sampling points in the river. The worst levels of pollution were 510 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, 7 mg/L nitrite, 45 mg/L nitrate, 2 mg/L dissolved oxygen, and 756 mg/L of total dissolved solids. Whole metagenome shotgun sequencing was performed at 4 key points along the river (P1,P7,P10 and P17), the first point had clean water and the other points were polluted, as a result of this pollution, the structure of microbial communities along the river have changed. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most representative phyla with a relative abundance of 57 and 43% respectively for P1, 82 and 15% for P7, 69 and 27% for P10 and 87 and 10% for the last point P17. P1 is rich in microorganism such as Limnohabitans a planktonic bacterium very common in freshwater ecosystems. However, in P7, P10 and P17 are rich in opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter Arcobacter and Myroides that endangers the health of around 1.6 million people which live around the area. These results elucidate the influence of the pollution on the microbial community and the likely effects on the health of the people around.

scholarly journals Removal of organic and inorganic nutrients in a constructed rhizofiltration system using macrophytes and microbial biofilms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mathews Simon Mthembu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Reference Sections ◽  
Reference Section

Many households in developing countries are still without proper sanitation systems. The problems are even more prevalent in rural communities where there are no septic systems in place for the treatment of wastewater. This has resulted in the urgent need for the development and implementation of innovative wastewater treatment systems that are inexpensive, environmental friendly and are able to reduce contaminants to levels that pose no harm to the communities. Constructed rhizofiltration systems have been explored for this purpose. They have been used for many decades in many countries with varying degrees of success at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of wastewater treatment. Poor optimization of this technology has been due to limited information available about the roles played by the whole system as well as by each component involved in the treatment technology. The current work elucidates the role played by macrophytes and microbial biofilms in the removal of nutrients in the rhizofiltration system. Factors affecting waste removal as well as environmental friendliness of the system were also investigated. The rhizofiltration system was constructed in Durban and was divided into planted (planted with Phragmites australis and Kyllinga nemoralis) and unplanted (reference) section. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, water temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and salinity were monitored. The removal efficiency of nutrients was measured using spectrophotometric methods by measuring the concentration of ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and orthophosphate in the wastewater pre- and post-treatment. The total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kehldjahl nitrogen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia, nitrate and the flow rate of wastewater into the system from the settling tank were used for the estimation of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emitted from the rhizofilter using the 2009 EPA formulae. Both the planted and reference sections of the system removed nutrients with varying efficiencies. The reduction of nutrients in the rhizofilter was found to be seasonal, with most nutrients removed during the warm seasons. The system also retained more nutrients when wastewater containing low levels of nutrients was used. The unpaired t-test was used to determine the differences between nutrient removals between planted and reference sections. Higher reduction efficiencies of nutrients were obtained in the planted section. Up to 65% nitrite and 99% nitrate were removed while up to 86% total phosphorus was removed in a form of orthophosphate (86%). Removal of total nitrogen was shown to increase under high temperature conditions, while the same conditions decreased the total phosphorus removal. High temperatures also increased the performance of the system. The reduction of nutrients in the system corresponded to reduction of the chemical oxygen demand which also positively correlated to the dissolved oxygen concentration. Considering the discharge limits for all nutrients, the discharges in the effluent of the planted section were within the allowable limits as per South Africa’s Department of Water affairs and Forestry in 2012 but not in 2013. The results obtained in 2013 were due to increased nutrient loading introduced into the system. Diverse microbial communities occurred in the treatment system, with more diversity in the planted section. These organisms were supported by macrophytes in the planted section, and were responsible for nitrogen and phosphorus transformation. This explains why total nitrogen and phosphorus reduction was higher in the planted compared to the reference section. Both the planted and the reference sections of the rhizofiltration system produced the greenhouse gases. When the two sections were compared, the planted section produced more gases. Gases emitted by both sections were lower when compared to emission from sludge treatment reed beds and other conventional systems of wastewater treatments. These findings indicated that constructed rhizofiltration is a cleaner form of waste treatment, producing significantly less greenhouse gases and affecting less of a climate change. Findings of this work have revealed that rhizofiltration technology can be used as a low-cost alternative technology for the treatment of wastewater, using the combination of macrophytes and microbial biofilms. Macrophytes accumulated nitrogen and phosphorus as well as supported diverse microorganisms that metabolized and reduced nutrients in the rhizofiltration unit.

scholarly journals POTENSI SUMBERDAYA AIR SUB DAS SERAYU

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Agus Riyanto ◽  
M Widyastuti ◽  
Heru Hendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Direct Runoff

Sub DAS (Daerah Aliran Sungai) Serayu terletak di Kabupaten Wonosobo JawaTengah dengan luasan 13682.19 ha. Sub DAS Serayu merupakan salah satu Sub DAS yangmemiliki peranan penting terhadap kondisi DAS Serayu, yaitu sebagai daerah imbuhan air.Pada saat ini, di bagian hulu Sub DAS Serayu telah dimanfaatkan secara intensif untukpertanian dan Wisata Kawasan Dieng sehingga memberikan pengaruh terhadap kuantitasdan kualitas air sungai, serta kondisi DAS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisisbesarnya debit aliran Sub DAS Serayu, menganalisis kualitas air sungai Sub Das Serayu,dan menganalisis tingkat kekritisan Sub DAS Serayu. Besarnya debit aliran dihitungmenggunakan pendekatan neraca air metode Thornthwaite Mather dan divalidasi denganpengukuran lapangan. Kualitas air diukur langsung di lapangan dan di laboratorium.Pengukuran langsung meliputi suhu, daya hantar listrik (DHL) dan pH; sedangkanpengukuran di laboratorium meliputi Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical OxygenDemand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), TotalDissolved Solid (TDS), nitrat, fosfat, sulfat, amonia, H2S, Fe, Mn, detergen, coli tinja, danminyak lemak. Kekritisan Sub DAS didekati dengan perbandingan besarnya debit alirandan kebutuhan air dalam Sub DAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa neraca air SubDAS Serayu probabilitas 60 % diperoleh Direct runoff (DRO) sebesar 274.659.736m3/tahun, sedangkan probabilitas 80 % diperoleh DRO sebesar 182.487.225 m3/tahun.Validasi hasil perhitungan debit neraca air diperoleh 15% lebih tinggi dari debitpengukuran. Parameter kualitas air yang melebihi ambang batas baku mutu kelas IImenurut Peraturan Pemerintah 82/2001 adalah coli tinja pada seluruh sampel; dan padabeberapa sampel untuk kadar Fe, detergen, minyak lemak, sulfida dan pospat hal tersebutdisebabkan oleh keterdapatan penggunaan lahan berupa pertanian intesif di wilayah huludiikuti kegiatan wisata, dominasi sawah di bagian tengah Sub DAS, serta dominanpermukiman di hilir Sub DAS. Hasil analisis kekritisan Sub DAS Serayu menunjukkanbahwa kondisi Sub DAS termasuk klasifikasi tidak kritis.

scholarly journals The purification of wastewater on a small scale by using plants and sand filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Saini ◽  
Shweta Kalra ◽  
Urminder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treated Water

AbstractThe canteen and laboratory of every academic organization need a lot of clean water, and it generates equivalent amount of wastewater every hour which is neither purified nor reused. Due to water scarcity, the recycling and reusing of wastewater become very essential. The present study describes the simple and cost-effective method for the design of a small-scale wastewater treatment plant for the purification of wastewater generated by household, canteen and laboratory of an academic institute. The current study explored the process of phytoremediation by Typha latifolia L. and Canna indica L. for removal of metal ions and phosphate ions from the wastewater. The partially treated water after phytoremediation was further purified by sand filtration. The various water quality parameters (pH, hardness, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, total dissolved solids and metal ions) of the treated and untreated water were analyzed. It was observed that there are significant reduction in hardness, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand and increase in dissolved oxygen value. The treated water can be reused for various household works and agriculture.

scholarly journals Potential Viable Products Identified from Characterisation of Agricultural Slaughterhouse Rendering Wastewater

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Brian Brennan ◽  
Burcu Gunes ◽  
Matthew R. Jacobs ◽  
Jenny Lawler ◽  
Fiona Regan
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Constant Flow Rate ◽  
The Impact

The composition of challenging matrices must be fully understood in order to determine the impact of the matrix and to establish suitable treatment methods. Rendering condensate wastewater is a complex matrix which is understudied. It is produced when the vapour from rendering facilities (heat processing of slaughterhouse waste material) is cooled as a liquid for discharge. This study offers a full physicochemical characterisation of rendering condensate wastewater and its potential for valorisation via production of viable by-products. A study of seasonal variation of levels of dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and ammonia was carried out on the wastewater. The results show that the wastewater was high strength all year-round, with a chemical oxygen demand of 10,813 ± 427 mg/L and high concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (1745 ± 90 mg/L), ammonia (887 ± 21 mg/L), crude protein (10,911 ± 563 mg/L), total phosphorous (51 ± 1 mg/L), fat and oil (11,363 ± 934 mg/L), total suspended solids (336 ± 73 mg/L) and total dissolved solids (4397 ± 405 mg/L). This characterisation demonstrates the requirement for adequate treatment of the condensate before releasing it to the environment. While there is a reasonably constant flow rate and dissolved oxygen level throughout the year, higher chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and ammonia levels were found in the warmer summer months. From this study, rendering condensate slaughterhouse wastewater is shown to have potential for production of marketable goods. These products may include ammonium sulphate fertilizer, protein supplements for animal feeds and recovery of acetic acid calcium hydroxyapatite, thus enhancing both the financial and environmental sustainability of slaughterhouse operations. This work demonstrates a valuable assessment of a complex wastewater, while taking advantage of on-site access to samples and process data to inform the potential for wastewater reuse.

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