Corrigendum to “Quantitative risk assessment of norovirus and adenovirus for the use of reclaimed water to irrigate lettuce in Catalonia” Water Research 153 (2019) 91-99

Shellfish are frequently contaminated by Campylobacter spp, presumably originating from faeces from gulls feeding in the growing or relaying waters. The possible health effects of eating contaminated shellfish were estimated by quantitative risk assessment. A paucity of data was encountered necessitating many assumptions to complete the risk estimate. The level of Campylobacter spp in shellfish meat was calculated on the basis of a five-tube, single dilution MPN and was strongly season-dependent. The contamination level of mussels (<1/g) appeared to be higher than in oysters. The usual steaming process of mussels was found to completely inactivate Campylobacter spp so that risks are restricted to raw/undercooked shellfish. Consumption data were estimated on the basis of the usual size of a portion of raw shellfish and the weight of meat/individual animal. Using these data, season-dependent dose-distributions could be estimated. The dominant species in Dutch shellfish is C. lari but little is known on its infectivity for man. As a worst case assumption, it was assumed that the infectivity was similar to C. jejuni. A published dose-response model for Campylobacter-infection of volunteers is available but with considerable uncertainty in the low dose region. Using Monte Carlo simulation, risk estimates were constructed. The consumption of a single portion of raw shellfish resulted in a risk of infection of 5–20% for mussels (depending on season; 95% CI 0.01–60%). Repeated (e.g. monthly) exposures throughout a year resulted in an infection risk of 60% (95% CI 7–99%). Risks for oysters were slightly lower than for mussels. It can be concluded that, under the assumptions made, the risk of infection with Campylobacter spp by eating of raw shellfish is substantial. Quantitative risk estimates are highly demanding for the availability and quality of experimental data, and many research needs were identified.

Download Full-text

GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DISSOLUTIONING AND VOIDS IN THE FOUNDATION OF MOSUL DAM, IRAQ TO CHARACTERIZE SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS AND FACILITATE SEMI-QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

10.1130/abs/2018am-318094 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Laurel E. Blackman ◽

◽

Baron M. Worsham ◽

Nathan D. Williams ◽

Steven J. Jirousek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Geostatistical Analysis ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment

Download Full-text

Epistemological Equation for Analysing Uncontrollable States in Complex Systems: Quantifying Cyber Risks from the Internet of Things

The Review of Socionetwork Strategies ◽

10.1007/s12626-021-00086-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Petar Radanliev ◽

David De Roure ◽

Pete Burnap ◽

Omar Santos

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

The Internet ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Target State ◽

Epistemological Analysis ◽

Cyber Risk ◽

The Internet Of Things

AbstractThe Internet-of-Things (IoT) triggers data protection questions and new types of cyber risks. Cyber risk regulations for the IoT, however, are still in their infancy. This is concerning, because companies integrating IoT devices and services need to perform a self-assessment of its IoT cyber security posture. At present, there are no self-assessment methods for quantifying IoT cyber risk posture. It is considered that IoT represent a complex system with too many uncontrollable risk states for quantitative risk assessment. To enable quantitative risk assessment of uncontrollable risk states in complex and coupled IoT systems, a new epistemological equation is designed and tested though comparative and empirical analysis. The comparative analysis is conducted on national digital strategies, followed by an empirical analysis of cyber risk assessment approaches. The results from the analysis present the current and a target state for IoT systems, followed by a transformation roadmap, describing how IoT systems can achieve the target state with a new epistemological analysis model. The new epistemological analysis approach enables the assessment of uncontrollable risk states in complex IoT systems—which begin to resemble artificial intelligence—and can be used for a quantitative self-assessment of IoT cyber risk posture.

Download Full-text

Quantitative risk assessment of storm surge using GIS techniques and open data: A case study of Daya Bay Zone, China

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 289 ◽

pp. 112514

Author(s):

Si Wang ◽

Lin Mu ◽

Mengnan Qi ◽

Zekun Yu ◽

Zhenfeng Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Storm Surge ◽

Open Data ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Daya Bay ◽

Gis Techniques

Download Full-text

Quantitative Risk Assessment for Deep Tunnel Failure Based on Normal Cloud Model: A Case Study at the ASHELE Copper Mine, China

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5208

Author(s):

Jianpo Liu ◽

Hongxu Shi ◽

Ren Wang ◽

Yingtao Si ◽

Dengcheng Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Cloud Model ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Geological Condition ◽

Deep Tunnel ◽

Entropy Weight ◽

Copper Mine ◽

Evaluation Indexes ◽

Metal Mines

The spatial and temporal distribution of tunnel failure is very complex due to geologic heterogeneity and variability in both mining processes and tunnel arrangement in deep metal mines. In this paper, the quantitative risk assessment for deep tunnel failure was performed using a normal cloud model at the Ashele copper mine, China. This was completed by considering the evaluation indexes of geological condition, mining process, and microseismic data. A weighted distribution of evaluation indexes was determined by implementation of an entropy weight method to reveal the primary parameters controlling tunnel failure. Additionally, the damage levels of the tunnel were quantitatively assigned by computing the degree of membership that different damage levels had, based on the expectation normalization method. The methods of maximum membership principle, comprehensive evaluation value, and fuzzy entropy were considered to determine the tunnel damage levels and risk of occurrence. The application of this method at the Ashele copper mine demonstrates that it meets the requirement of risk assessment for deep tunnel failure and can provide a basis for large-scale regional tunnel failure control in deep metal mines.

Download Full-text

An intelligent quantitative risk assessment method for ammonia synthesis process

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2021.129893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 420 ◽

pp. 129893

Author(s):

Zijian Liu ◽

Wende Tian ◽

Zhe Cui ◽

Honglong Wei ◽

Chuankun Li

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Ammonia Synthesis ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Risk Assessment Method

Download Full-text

Amended Safety Assessment of Methylchloroisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone as Used in Cosmetics

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/10915818211016382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 20S-33S

Author(s):

Christina L. Burnett ◽

Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽

Donald V. Belsito ◽

Curtis D. Klaassen ◽

Daniel C. Liebler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Safety Assessment ◽

Expert Panel ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Human Data

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reassessed the safety of the mixture Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/Methylisothiazolinone (MI), which functions as a preservative in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment, and data from the previously published safety assessment of this mixture, and concluded that MCI/MI is safe in cosmetics when formulated to be nonsensitizing, based on the results of a quantitative risk assessment or similar methodology; however, at no point should concentrations exceed 7.5 ppm in leave-on products or 15 ppm in rinse-off products.

Download Full-text