A simplified physically-based breach model for a high concrete-faced rockfill dam: A case study

Abstract. Climate change is expected to strongly impact the hydrological and thermal regimes of Alpine rivers within the coming decades. In this context, the development of hydrological models accounting for the specific dynamics of Alpine catchments appears as one of the promising approaches to reduce our uncertainty of future mountain hydrology. This paper describes the improvements brought to StreamFlow, an existing model for hydrological and stream temperature prediction built as an external extension to the physically based snow model Alpine3D. StreamFlow's source code has been entirely written anew, taking advantage of object-oriented programming to significantly improve its structure and ease the implementation of future developments. The source code is now publicly available online, along with a complete documentation. A special emphasis has been put on modularity during the re-implementation of StreamFlow, so that many model aspects can be represented using different alternatives. For example, several options are now available to model the advection of water within the stream. This allows for an easy and fast comparison between different approaches and helps in defining more reliable uncertainty estimates of the model forecasts. In particular, a case study in a Swiss Alpine catchment reveals that the stream temperature predictions are particularly sensitive to the approach used to model the temperature of subsurface flow, a fact which has been poorly reported in the literature to date. Based on the case study, StreamFlow is shown to reproduce hourly mean discharge with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.82 and hourly mean temperature with a NSE of 0.78.

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Evaluating performances of simplified physically based models for landslide susceptibility

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-12-13217-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 13217-13256 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Formetta ◽

G. Capparelli ◽

P. Versace

Keyword(s):

Landslide Susceptibility ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Shallow Landslides ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Test Case ◽

Susceptibility Analysis ◽

Physically Based ◽

Private And Public ◽

Physically Based Models

Abstract. Rainfall induced shallow landslides cause loss of life and significant damages involving private and public properties, transportation system, etc. Prediction of shallow landslides susceptible locations is a complex task that involves many disciplines: hydrology, geotechnical science, geomorphology, and statistics. Usually to accomplish this task two main approaches are used: statistical or physically based model. Reliable models' applications involve: automatic parameters calibration, objective quantification of the quality of susceptibility maps, model sensitivity analysis. This paper presents a methodology to systemically and objectively calibrate, verify and compare different models and different models performances indicators in order to individuate and eventually select the models whose behaviors are more reliable for a certain case study. The procedure was implemented in package of models for landslide susceptibility analysis and integrated in the NewAge-JGrass hydrological model. The package includes three simplified physically based models for landslides susceptibility analysis (M1, M2, and M3) and a component for models verifications. It computes eight goodness of fit indices by comparing pixel-by-pixel model results and measurements data. Moreover, the package integration in NewAge-JGrass allows the use of other components such as geographic information system tools to manage inputs-output processes, and automatic calibration algorithms to estimate model parameters. The system was applied for a case study in Calabria (Italy) along the Salerno-Reggio Calabria highway, between Cosenza and Altilia municipality. The analysis provided that among all the optimized indices and all the three models, the optimization of the index distance to perfect classification in the receiver operating characteristic plane (D2PC) coupled with model M3 is the best modeling solution for our test case.

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Comparison of Sediment Loss Modelling by Using the Physically-Based Erosion-3d Model and The USPED Empirical Model: A Case Study of the Svacenicky Creek Catchment (Slovakia)

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/603/2/022082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 603 ◽

pp. 022082

Author(s):

Zuzana Nemetova ◽

Silvia Kohnova

Keyword(s):

Empirical Model ◽

3D Model ◽

Sediment Loss ◽

Physically Based ◽

Loss Modelling

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Mapping Landslide Prediction through a GIS-Based Model: A Case Study in a Catchment in Southern Italy

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences10080309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 309

Author(s):

Federico Valerio Moresi ◽

Mauro Maesano ◽

Alessio Collalti ◽

Roy C. Sidle ◽

Giorgio Matteucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Cover ◽

Shallow Landslides ◽

Susceptibility Map ◽

Infinite Slope ◽

South Italy ◽

Physically Based ◽

Root Strength ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Forest Mountain

Shallow landslides are an increasing concern in Italy and worldwide because of the frequent association with vegetation management. As vegetation cover plays a fundamental role in slope stability, we developed a GIS-based model to evaluate the influence of plant roots on slope safety, and also included a landslide susceptibility map. The GIS-based model, 4SLIDE, is a physically based predictor for shallow landslides that combines geological, topographical, and hydrogeological data. The 4SLIDE combines the infinite slope model, TOPMODEL (for the estimation of the saturated water level), and a vegetation root strength model, which facilitates prediction of locations that are more susceptible for shallow landslides as a function of forest cover. The aim is to define the spatial distribution of Factor of Safety (FS) in steep-forested areas. The GIS-based model 4SLIDE was tested in a forest mountain watershed located in the Sila Greca (Cosenza, Calabria, South Italy) where almost 93% of the area is covered by forest. The sensitive ROC analysis (Receiver Operating Characteristic) indicates that the model has good predictive capability in identifying the areas sensitive to shallow landslides. The localization of areas at risk of landslides plays an important role in land management activities because landslides are among the most costly and dangerous hazards.

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Usage of SIMWE model to model urban overland flood: a case study in Oslo

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2020.068 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 366-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hong Li ◽

Hongkai Gao ◽

Yanlai Zhou ◽

Chong-Yu Xu ◽

Rengifo Z. Ortega M. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Water Depth ◽

Large Scale ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Depth Maps ◽

Physically Based ◽

Spatially Distributed ◽

Overland Flow Model

Abstract There has been a surge of interest in the field of urban flooding in recent years. However, current stormwater management models are often too complex to apply on a large scale. To fill this gap, we use a physically based and spatially distributed overland flow model, SIMulated Water Erosion (SIMWE). The SIMWE model requires only rainfall intensity, terrain, infiltration, and surface roughness as input. The SIMWE model has great potential for application in real-time flood forecasting. In this study, we use the SIMWE model at two resolutions (20 m and 500 m) for Oslo, and at a high resolution (1 m) at the Grefsen area, which is approximately 1.5 km2 in Oslo. The results show that the SIMWE model can generate water depth maps at both coarse and high resolutions. The spatial resolution has strong impacts on the absolute values of water depth and subsequently on the classification of flood risks. The SIMWE model at a higher spatial resolution produces more overland flow and higher estimation of flood risk with low rainfall input, but larger areas of risk with high rainfall input. The Grefsen case study shows that roads act as floodways, where overland flow accumulates and moves fast.

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Comparison of soil moisture fields estimated by catchment modelling and remote sensing: a case study in South Africa

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-12-751-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 751-767 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

T. Vischel ◽

G. G. S. Pegram ◽

S. Sinclair ◽

W. Wagner ◽

A. Bartsch

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Hydrological Model ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Remotely Sensed ◽

Hydrological Models ◽

Good Correspondence ◽

Physically Based

Abstract. The paper compares two independent approaches to estimate soil moisture at the regional scale over a 4625 km2 catchment (Liebenbergsvlei, South Africa). The first estimate is derived from a physically-based hydrological model (TOPKAPI). The second estimate is derived from the scatterometer on board the European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS). Results show a good correspondence between the modelled and remotely sensed soil moisture, particularly with respect to the soil moisture dynamic, illustrated over two selected seasons of 8 months, yielding regression R2 coefficients lying between 0.68 and 0.92. Such a close similarity between these two different, independent approaches is very promising for (i) remote sensing in general (ii) the use of hydrological models to back-calculate and disaggregate the satellite soil moisture estimate and (iii) for hydrological models to assimilate the remotely sensed soil moisture.

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StreamFlow 1.0: An extension to the spatially distributed snow model Alpine3D for hydrological modeling and deterministic stream temperature prediction

10.5194/gmd-2016-167 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aurélien Gallice ◽

Mathias Bavay ◽

Tristan Brauchli ◽

Francesco Comola ◽

Michael Lehning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Modeling ◽

Source Code ◽

Stream Temperature ◽

Object Oriented Programming ◽

Temperature Prediction ◽

Uncertainty Estimates ◽

Physically Based ◽

Snow Model ◽

Alpine Catchments

Abstract. Climate change is expected to strongly impact the hydrological and thermal regimes of Alpine rivers within the coming decades. In this context, the development of hydrological models accounting for the specific dynamics of Alpine catchments appears as a one of the promising approaches to reduce our uncertainty on future mountain hydrology. This paper describes the improvements brought to StreamFlow, an existing model for hydrological and stream temperature prediction built as an external extension to the physically-based snow model Alpine3D. StreamFlow's source code has been entirely written anew, taking advantage of object-oriented programming to significantly improve its structure and ease the implementation of future developments. The source code is now publicly available online, along with a complete documentation. A special emphasis has been put on modularity during the re-implementation of StreamFlow, so that many model aspects can be represented using different alternatives. For example, several options are now available to model the advection of water within the stream. This allows for an easy and fast comparison between different approaches and helps in defining more reliable uncertainty estimates of the model forecasts. In particular, a case study in a Swiss Alpine catchment reveals that the stream temperature predictions are particularly sensitive to the approach used to model the temperature of subsurface runoff, a fact which has been poorly reported in the literature to date. Based on the case study, StreamFlow is shown to reproduce hourly mean discharge with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.82, and hourly mean temperature with a NSE of 0.78.

Download Full-text