Depletion of nuclear LINE1 RNA in mouse ESCs and embryos

AbstractThe pluripotency of mammalian early and late epiblast could be recapitulated by naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primed epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), respectively. However, these two states of pluripotency may not be sufficient to reflect the full complexity and developmental potency of the epiblast during mammalian early development. Here we report the establishment of self-renewing formative pluripotent stem cells (fPSCs) which manifest features of epiblast cells poised for gastrulation. fPSCs can be established from different mouse ESCs, pre-/early-gastrula epiblasts and induced PSCs. Similar to pre-/early-gastrula epiblasts, fPSCs show the transcriptomic features of formative pluripotency, which are distinct from naïve ESCs and primed EpiSCs. fPSCs show the unique epigenetic states of E6.5 epiblast, including the super-bivalency of a large set of developmental genes. Just like epiblast cells immediately before gastrulation, fPSCs can efficiently differentiate into three germ layers and primordial germ cells (PGCs) in vitro. Thus, fPSCs highlight the feasibility of using PSCs to explore the development of mammalian epiblast.

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Generation of Multipotent Lung and Airway Progenitors from Mouse ESCs and Patient-Specific Cystic Fibrosis iPSCs

Cell Stem Cell ◽

10.1016/j.stem.2012.04.020 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongmei Mou ◽

Rui Zhao ◽

Richard Sherwood ◽

Tim Ahfeldt ◽

Allen Lapey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Mouse Escs

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Induction of functional hypothalamus and pituitary tissues from pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa188 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mayuko Kano ◽

Hidetaka Suga ◽

Hiroshi Arima

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Adrenal Crisis ◽

Mouse Escs

Abstract The hypothalamus and pituitary have been identified to play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis. Various diseases can disrupt the functions of these systems, which can often result in serious lifelong symptoms. The current treatment for hypopituitarism involves hormone replacement therapy. However, exogenous drug administration cannot mimic the physiological changes that are a result of hormone requirements. Therefore, patients are at a high risk of severe hormone deficiency, including adrenal crisis. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) self-proliferate and differentiate into all types of cells. The generation of endocrine tissues from PSCs has been considered as another new treatment for hypopituitarism. Our colleagues established a three-dimensional culture method for embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this culture, the ESC-derived aggregates exhibit self-organization and spontaneous formation of highly ordered patterning. Recent results have shown that strict removal of exogenous patterning factors during early differentiation efficiently induces rostral hypothalamic progenitors from mouse ESCs. These hypothalamic progenitors generate vasopressinergic neurons, which release neuropeptides upon exogenous stimulation. Subsequently, we reported adenohypophysis tissue self-formation in three-dimensional cultures of mouse ESCs. The ESCs were found to differentiate into both non-neural oral ectoderm and hypothalamic neuroectoderm in adjacent layers. Interactions between the two tissues appear to be critically important for in vitro induction of a Rathke's pouch-like developing embryo. Various endocrine cells were differentiated from non-neural ectoderm. The induced corticotrophs efficiently secreted adrenocorticotropic hormone when engrafted in vivo, which rescued hypopituitary hosts. For future regenerative medicine, generation of hypothalamic and pituitary tissues from human PSCs is necessary. We and other groups succeeded in establishing a differentiation method with the use of human PSCs. Researchers could use these methods for models of human diseases to elucidate disease pathology or screen potential therapeutics.

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BAF Complex in Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Embryonic Development

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2021/6668866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Heyao Zhang ◽

Xuepeng Wang ◽

Jingsheng Li ◽

Ronghua Shi ◽

Ying Ye

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Early Embryonic Development ◽

Mouse Escs ◽

Baf Complex ◽

Pluripotency Gene ◽

Chromatin Remodeling Complexes ◽

Gene Regulatory

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew indefinitely and maintain their pluripotency status. The pluripotency gene regulatory network is critical in controlling these properties and particularly chromatin remodeling complexes. In this review, we summarize the research progresses of the functional and mechanistic studies of BAF complex in mouse ESCs and early embryonic development. A discussion of the mechanistic bases underlying the distinct phenotypes upon the deletion of different BAF subunits in ESCs and embryos will be highlighted.

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Single-Cell Analysis Reveals that Expression of Nanog Is Biallelic and Equally Variable as that of Other Pluripotency Factors in Mouse ESCs

Cell Stem Cell ◽

10.1016/j.stem.2013.04.019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Dina A. Faddah ◽

Haoyi Wang ◽

Albert Wu Cheng ◽

Yarden Katz ◽

Yosef Buganim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Single Cell Analysis ◽

Cell Analysis ◽

Mouse Escs ◽

Pluripotency Factors

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230 GENERATION OF PUTATIVE RABBIT EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv19n1ab230 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

S. Wang ◽

X. Tang ◽

Y. Niu ◽

H. Chen ◽

T. Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

High Speed ◽

Es Cells ◽

Research Work ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Mouse Escs

The rabbit, as a laboratory animal model, has several advantages in the study of human physiological disorders. In this study, stable putative pluripotent rabbit embryonic stem cells (rESCs) were derived from in vivo-fertilized and in vitro-cultured blastocysts. The rabbit ICMs were obtained by 0.05% trypsin–0.008% EDTA treatment and mechanical separation; the ES-like cell colonies seen several days later. ICM-derived outgrowths which were treated with 5 mg/mL-1 dispase, followed by 0.05% trypsin–0.008% EDTA, were mechanically disaggregated into small clumps and reseeded on MEFs. The putative ES cell lines maintained expression of pluripotent cells markers and normal XY karyotype for long periods of culture (>1 month). The putative rESCs expressed alkaline phosphatase, transcription factor Oct-4, stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEA-1, SSEA-3, and SSEA-4), and tumor-related antigens (TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81). The morphological characteristics of the putative ESCs are closer to those of human ESCs; their high speed of proliferation, however, is closer to that of mouse ESCs. Putative rabbit ESCs were induced to differentiate into many cell types including trophoblast cells, similar to primate ESCs, in vitro, and formed teratomas with derivatives of the 3 major germ layers in vivo when injected into SCID mice. Using RT-PCR measurement, but with some differences in ligands and inhibitors, and comparing with human and mouse ESCs, the putative rabbit ESCs expressed similar genes related to pluripotency (Oct-4, Nanog, SOX2, and UTF-1) and similar genes of FGF, WNT, and TGF signaling pathways related to the proliferation and self-renewal. Our further research work showed that TGF beta and FGF pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of rabbit ESCs similar to those of human ES cells.

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Loss of Mob1a/b impairs the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into the three germ layer lineages

Experimental & Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1038/s12276-019-0342-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

June Sung Bae ◽

Sun Mi Kim ◽

Yoon Jeon ◽

Juyeon Sim ◽

Ji Yun Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Hippo Pathway ◽

Critical Role ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Mouse Escs ◽

Germ Layers ◽

Stem Cell Maintenance ◽

The Hippo Pathway ◽

Cell Maintenance

AbstractThe Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis and can regulate stem cell maintenance and embryonic development. MOB kinase activators 1A and 1B (Mob1a/b) are key components of the Hippo pathway, whose homozygous deletion in mice causes early embryonic lethality at the preimplantation stage. To investigate the role of Mob1a/b in stem cell maintenance and differentiation, an embryonic stem cell (ESC) clone in which Mob1a/b could be conditionally depleted was generated and characterized. Although Mob1a/b depletion did not affect the stemness or proliferation of mouse ESCs, this depletion caused defects in differentiation into the three germ layers. Yap knockdown rescued the in vitro and in vivo defects in differentiation caused by Mob1a/b depletion, suggesting that differentiation defects caused by Mob1a/b depletion were Yap-dependent. In teratoma experiments, Yap knockdown in Mob1a/b-depleted ESCs partially restored defects in differentiation, indicating that hyperactivation of Taz, another effector of the Hippo pathway, inhibited differentiation into the three germ layers. Taken together, these results suggest that Mob1a/b or Hippo signaling plays a critical role in the differentiation of mouse ESCs into the three germ layers, which is dependent on Yap. These close relationship of the Hippo pathway with the differentiation of stem cells supports its potential as a therapeutic target in regenerative medicine.

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Efficient Array-Based Identification of Novel Cardiac Genes through Differentiation of Mouse ESCs

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0002176 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. e2176 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ronald A. Miller ◽

Nicolas Christoforou ◽

Jonathan Pevsner ◽

Andrew S. McCallion ◽

John D. Gearhart

Keyword(s):

Mouse Escs

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