scholarly journals Neural development in Eucidaris tribuloides and the evolutionary history of the echinoid larval nervous system

2013 ◽  
Vol 377 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory D. Bishop ◽  
Katelyn E.A. MacNeil ◽  
Digna Patel ◽  
Valerie J. Taylor ◽  
Robert D. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Larval Nervous System ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The larval nervous system of the penis worm Priapulus caudatus (Ecdysozoa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1685) ◽  
pp. 20150050 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Martín-Durán ◽  
Gabriella H. Wolff ◽  
Nicholas J. Strausfeld ◽  
Andreas Hejnol
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Larval Nervous System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nervous System Evolution ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tyrosinated Tubulin

The origin and extreme diversification of the animal nervous system is a central question in biology. While most of the attention has traditionally been paid to those lineages with highly elaborated nervous systems (e.g. arthropods, vertebrates, annelids), only the study of the vast animal diversity can deliver a comprehensive view of the evolutionary history of this organ system. In this regard, the phylogenetic position and apparently conservative molecular, morphological and embryological features of priapulid worms (Priapulida) place this animal lineage as a key to understanding the evolution of the Ecdysozoa (i.e. arthropods and nematodes). In this study, we characterize the nervous system of the hatching larva and first lorica larva of the priapulid worm Priapulus caudatus by immunolabelling against acetylated and tyrosinated tubulin, pCaMKII, serotonin and FMRFamide. Our results show that a circumoral brain and an unpaired ventral nerve with a caudal ganglion characterize the central nervous system of hatching embryos. After the first moult, the larva attains some adult features: a neck ganglion, an introvert plexus, and conspicuous secondary longitudinal neurites. Our study delivers a neuroanatomical framework for future embryological studies in priapulid worms, and helps illuminate the course of nervous system evolution in the Ecdysozoa.

Cephalochordate Nervous System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Candiani ◽  
Mario Pestarino
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
System P ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peripheral Nervous Systems

The central and peripheral nervous systems of amphioxus adults and larvae are characterized by morphofunctional features relevant to understanding the origins and evolutionary history of the vertebrate CNS. Classical neuroanatomical studies are mainly on adult amphioxus, but there has been a recent focus, both by TEM and molecular methods, on the larval CNS. The latter is small and remarkably simple, and new data on the localization of glutamatergic, GABAergic/glycinergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic neurons within the larval CNS are now available. In consequence, it has been possible begin the process of identifying specific neuronal circuits, including those involved in controlling larval locomotion. This is especially useful for the insights it provides into the organization of comparable circuits in the midbrain and hindbrain of vertebrates. A much better understanding of basic chordate CNS organization will eventually be possible when further experimental data will emerge.

Study of the Early Telencephalon Genes of Cyclostomes as a Way to Restoring the Evolutionary History of This Unique Part of the Central Nervous System of Vertebrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 752-765
Author(s):  
G. V. Ermakova ◽  
A. V. Kucheryavyy ◽  
F. M. Eroshkin ◽  
N. Yu. Martynova ◽  
A. G. Zaraisky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Unique Part

The Divergent Evolution of Arthropod Brains

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Strausfeld
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Comparative Neuroanatomy ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Major Transitions ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Species

Occasionally, fossils recovered from lower and middle Cambrian sedimentary rocks contain the remains of nervous system. These residues reveal the symmetric arrangements of brain and ganglia that correspond to the ground patterns of brain and ventral ganglia of four major panarthropod clades existing today: Onychophora, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Pancrustacea. Comparative neuroanatomy of living species and studies of fossils suggest that highly conserved neuronal arrangements have been retained in these four lineages for more than a half billion years, despite some major transitions of neuronal architectures. This chapter will review recent explorations into the evolutionary history of the arthropod brain, concentrating on the subphylum Pancrustacea, which comprises hexapods and crustaceans, and on the subphylum Chelicerata, which includes horseshoe crabs, scorpions, and spiders. Studies of Pancrustacea illustrate some of the challenges in ascribing homology to centers that appear to have corresponding organization, whereas Chelicerata offers clear examples of both divergent cerebral evolution and convergence.

scholarly journals Rimbp, a New Marker for the Nervous System of the Tunicate Ciona robusta

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Ugo Coppola ◽  
Paola Olivo ◽  
Enrico D’Aniello ◽  
Christopher J. Johnson ◽  
Alberto Stolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Presynaptic Mechanisms ◽  
Larval Nervous System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Presynaptic Active Zone

Establishment of presynaptic mechanisms by proteins that regulate neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic active zone is considered a fundamental step in animal evolution. Rab3 interacting molecule-binding proteins (Rimbps) are crucial components of the presynaptic active zone and key players in calcium homeostasis. Although Rimbp involvement in these dynamics has been described in distantly related models such as fly and human, the role of this family in most invertebrates remains obscure. To fill this gap, we defined the evolutionary history of Rimbp family in animals, from sponges to mammals. We report, for the first time, the expression of the two isoforms of the unique Rimbp family member in Ciona robusta in distinct domains of the larval nervous system. We identify intronic enhancers that are able to drive expression in different nervous system territories partially corresponding to Rimbp endogenous expression. The analysis of gene expression patterns and the identification of regulatory elements of Rimbp will positively impact our understanding of this family of genes in the context of Ciona embryogenesis.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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