scholarly journals Deficits across multiple behavioral domains align with susceptibility to stress in 129S1/SvImJ mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100262 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rodriguez ◽  
S.J. Moore ◽  
R.C. Neff ◽  
E.D. Glass ◽  
T.K. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Domains

scholarly journals The Psychological Reach of Culture in Animals’ Lives

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142199311
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Social Learning Processes ◽  
Learning From Others ◽  
Behavioral Domains

Culture—the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals—has increasingly been found to be pervasive not only in humans’ but in many other animals’ lives. Compared with learning on one’s own initiative, learning from others can be very much safer and more efficient, as the wisdom already accumulated by other individuals is assimilated. This article offers an overview of often surprising recent discoveries charting the reach of culture across an ever-expanding diversity of species, as well as an extensive variety of behavioral domains, and throughout an animal’s life. The psychological reach of culture is reflected in the knowledge and skills an animal thus acquires, via an array of different social learning processes. Social learning is often further guided by a suite of adaptive psychological biases, such as conformity and learning from optimal models. In humans, cumulative cultural change over generations has generated the complex cultural phenomena observed today. Animal cultures have been thought to lack this cumulative power, but recent findings suggest that elementary versions of cumulative culture may be important in animals’ lives.

Behavioral Domains: Three Perspectives

2001 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Warren B. Miller ◽  
Joseph Lee Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Domains

The genetic and epigenetic landscape for CNS drug discovery targeting cross-diagnostic behavioral domains

2015 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annetrude (J.G.) de Mooij-van Malsen ◽  
Eneda Pjetri ◽  
Martien J. Kas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Epigenetic Landscape ◽  
Behavioral Domains

Who networks? – A meta-analysis of networking and personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-479
Author(s):  
Hadjira Bendella ◽  
Hans-Georg Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Affective Traits ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Idea ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
External Networking ◽  
Behavioral Domains

PurposeNetworking refers to goal-directed behaviors focused on building and cultivating informal relationships to obtain career-related resources. According to Gibson et al.'s (2014) model, personality traits represent prominent and important antecedents of networking. This study seeks to provide robust evidence on relationships between personality and networking by summarizing prior research using meta-analytical tools.Design/methodology/approachThe authors classify linking attributes between networking and personality into social, idea-related, task-related and affective behavioral domains and additionally include three compound traits that relate to several domains. They investigate two potential moderators: internal vs. external networking and prominent networking measures. Their comprehensive literature search identified 41 studies with 46 independent samples.FindingsThe authors find that social, idea-related and task-related traits have positive relationships with networking of medium effect size, whereas affective traits exhibit small but significantly positive effects. The compound trait of proactive personality appears to be the best predictor of networking. Moderator analyses indicate that there were hardly any differences concerning internal and external networking and also prominent measures.Originality/valueThe present study goes beyond narrative reviews contributing the first quantitative summary of these relationships. It identifies four behavioral domains that represent characteristics relevant to networking. The findings largely corroborate, but at times correct, narrative reviews on dispositional antecedents of networking. The authors highlight the importance of compound traits that have yet been overlooked by narrative reviews (e.g. self-monitoring).

scholarly journals A prospective study on the use of rivastigmine transdermal patch in Alzheimer's dementia in a routine clinical setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejaz Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Alzheimer’S Dementia ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Alzheimer's Dementia ◽  
Rivastigmine Patch ◽  
Routine Clinical Setting ◽  
Behavioral Domains

Abstract There is not much published literature on the use of rivastigmine patch in a "routine" clinical setting. Objectives: In this naturalistic longitudinal observational study we sought to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of the rivastigmine patch in patients with early and late onset moderate Alzheimer's disease in a routine clinical setting. Methods: Out of all routine clinical referrals, the first 30 patients with diagnosis of moderate Alzheimer's dementia who were started on rivastigmine patch were included in the study. Rivastigmine patch dose was titrated from 4.6 to 9.5 mg/ 24 hours as appropriate. The primary outcome measure was safety and tolerability, measured by the incidence of adverse events and discontinuation due to any reason. The secondary outcome measure was to examine improvement on global, functional and behavioral domains as demonstrated by the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) score, BADLS (Bristol Activities of Daily Living Skills) score, patient and carer feedback and clinical judgment. Results: Adverse events were reported in 20% of patients and 10% of total patients needed discontinuation of treatment. Improvement on global, functional and behavioral domains was observed in two thirds of patients whereas one third showed a relative decline. The most common side effect was skin irritation or erythema. Conclusions: The rivastigmine transdermal patch may provide a treatment option for those patients who require a change in their current oral cholinesterase inhibitor therapy due to safety or tolerability concerns.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Depression: Assessing Mediational Effects of Overt Behaviors and Environmental Reward through Daily Diary Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena M. Ryba ◽  
Derek R. Hopko
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Reward ◽  
Behavioral Domains

Gender differences in the prevalence of depression are well documented. To further explore the relation between gender and depression, this study used daily diaries to examine gender differences within thirteen behavioral domains and whether differential frequency of overt behaviors and environmental reward mediated the relationship between gender and depression severity. The sample included 82 undergraduate students [66% females; 84% Caucasian; Mean age = 20.2 years]. Overall, females engaged in a significantly greater breadth of behavioral domains and reported a higher level of environmental reward. Females spent more time in the domains of health/hygiene, spiritual activities, and eating with others. Males spent more time in the domains of physical activity, sexual activity, and hobbies and recreational experiences. Females found social activities, passive/sedentary behaviors, eating with others, and engagement in “other” activities more rewarding. Gender had a significant direct effect on depression severity, with females reporting increased depression. This effect was attenuated by the mediator (total environmental reward) such that to the extent females exhibited increased environmental reward, the gender effect on depression was attenuated. These data support behavioral models of depression, indicate increased reinforcement sensitivity among females, and have clinical relevance in the context of assessment and behavioral activation interventions for depression.

scholarly journals Disruptions of network connectivity predict impairment in multiple behavioral domains after stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (30) ◽  
pp. E4367-E4376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Sarfaty Siegel ◽  
Lenny E. Ramsey ◽  
Abraham Z. Snyder ◽  
Nicholas V. Metcalf ◽  
Ravi V. Chacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Lesion Topography ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Behavioral Domains

Deficits following stroke are classically attributed to focal damage, but recent evidence suggests a key role of distributed brain network disruption. We measured resting functional connectivity (FC), lesion topography, and behavior in multiple domains (attention, visual memory, verbal memory, language, motor, and visual) in a cohort of 132 stroke patients, and used machine-learning models to predict neurological impairment in individual subjects. We found that visual memory and verbal memory were better predicted by FC, whereas visual and motor impairments were better predicted by lesion topography. Attention and language deficits were well predicted by both. Next, we identified a general pattern of physiological network dysfunction consisting of decrease of interhemispheric integration and intrahemispheric segregation, which strongly related to behavioral impairment in multiple domains. Network-specific patterns of dysfunction predicted specific behavioral deficits, and loss of interhemispheric communication across a set of regions was associated with impairment across multiple behavioral domains. These results link key organizational features of brain networks to brain–behavior relationships in stroke.

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