Who networks? – A meta-analysis of networking and personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-479
Author(s):  
Hadjira Bendella ◽  
Hans-Georg Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Affective Traits ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Idea ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
External Networking ◽  
Behavioral Domains

PurposeNetworking refers to goal-directed behaviors focused on building and cultivating informal relationships to obtain career-related resources. According to Gibson et al.'s (2014) model, personality traits represent prominent and important antecedents of networking. This study seeks to provide robust evidence on relationships between personality and networking by summarizing prior research using meta-analytical tools.Design/methodology/approachThe authors classify linking attributes between networking and personality into social, idea-related, task-related and affective behavioral domains and additionally include three compound traits that relate to several domains. They investigate two potential moderators: internal vs. external networking and prominent networking measures. Their comprehensive literature search identified 41 studies with 46 independent samples.FindingsThe authors find that social, idea-related and task-related traits have positive relationships with networking of medium effect size, whereas affective traits exhibit small but significantly positive effects. The compound trait of proactive personality appears to be the best predictor of networking. Moderator analyses indicate that there were hardly any differences concerning internal and external networking and also prominent measures.Originality/valueThe present study goes beyond narrative reviews contributing the first quantitative summary of these relationships. It identifies four behavioral domains that represent characteristics relevant to networking. The findings largely corroborate, but at times correct, narrative reviews on dispositional antecedents of networking. The authors highlight the importance of compound traits that have yet been overlooked by narrative reviews (e.g. self-monitoring).

A Meta-Analysis Linking Parent-to-Child Aggression and Dating Abuse During Adolescence and Young Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802091560
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Goncy ◽  
Evan J. Basting ◽  
Courtney B. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
Dating Abuse ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

Relationship continuity and social learning theories provide support for parent-to-child aggression as one potential explanatory factor for dating abuse (DA); however, empirical results are mixed across studies as to the strength of this association. This meta-analysis sought to estimate the overall size of this effect among adolescent and young adult samples and investigate potential moderating factors including sample and measurement variables. Records were identified using a computerized search of databases with several keywords. Peer-reviewed journal articles and dissertations were included if they measured both parent-to-child aggression and DA perpetration and/or victimization among adolescents (aged 12–18) or young adults (aged 18–29). Sixty-six records met inclusion criteria, yielding 370 unique effect sizes for the relation between parent-to-child aggression and DA across 94 unique samples. As hypothesized, there was a small-to-medium effect size between parent-to-child aggression and subsequent DA during both adolescence and young adulthood. The strength of these findings was consistent across DA outcome (perpetration and victimization) and both physical and psychological forms, youth and parent gender, and youth age. Stronger associations were found when the gender of the parental aggressor was undefined compared to either a defined paternal or maternal aggressor. Records using the Conflict Tactics Scale to measure both parent-to-child aggression and DA yielded stronger associations compared to sources that used different measures, but single informant versus multiple informants did not yield any differences.

scholarly journals Examining the effects of interorganizational learning on performance: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Rajala
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Interorganizational Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Relationship learning is viewed as an important factor in enhancing competitiveness and an important determinant of profitability in relationships. Prior studies have acknowledged the positive effects of interorganizational learning on performance, but the performance measures applied have varied. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between interorganizational learning and different types of performance. The paper also goes beyond direct effects by investigating the moderating effects of different research designs. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies a meta-analytic approach to systematically analyze 21 independent studies (N = 4,618) to reveal the relationship between interorganizational learning and performance. Findings The findings indicate that interorganizational learning is an important predictor of performance, and that the effects of interorganizational learning on performance differ in magnitude under different research conditions. Research limitations/implications The paper focuses on interorganizational learning, and during the data collection, some related topics were excluded from the data search to retain the focus on learning. Practical implications The study evinces the breadth of the field of interorganizational learning and how different research designs affect research results. Moreover, this meta-analysis indicates the need for greater clarity when defining the concepts used in studies and for definitions of the concepts applied in the field of interorganizational learning to be unified. Originality/value This study is the first to meta-analytically synthesize literature on interorganizational learning. It also illuminates new perspectives for future studies within this field.

scholarly journals Possible New Symptoms of Tobacco Withdrawal III: Reduced Positive Affect—A Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias M Klemperer ◽  
John R Hughes ◽  
Catherine E Peasley-Miklus ◽  
Peter W Callas ◽  
Jessica W Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Tobacco Withdrawal ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Baseline Effect ◽  
New Research ◽  
Offset Effect

Abstract Introduction Most descriptions of tobacco withdrawal have not changed in >30 years despite new research. This meta-analysis tested whether abstinence leads to decreased positive affect (PA) because abstinence-induced symptom changes are a core feature of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome. In addition, we examined whether reduced PA was due to withdrawal (ie, temporary decrease in a “U-shaped” curve) or offset (ie, return to baseline) effect. Methods Our main inclusion criterion was a prospective within-participant test of change in PA during abstinence conditions among people who smoke cigarettes daily who were not using a cessation medication. Our search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and personal libraries yielded a total of 32 tests with 2054 participants. Results There was a medium effect size indicating an overall decrease in PA following abstinence from cigarettes (Cohen’s d = −0.40, 95% CI = −0.30 to −0.49). There was large heterogeneity (I2 = 70.7%). Most (79%) of the 24 trials that conducted significance tests reported that reduction in PA was significant. Seven tests were adequately designed to detect a withdrawal versus offset effect. Over half (57%) displayed a U-shaped curve for abstinence-induced change in PA indicative of a withdrawal symptom rather than offset effect. Conclusions Abstinence from cigarettes is associated with a decrease in PA. Whether low PA should be added to withdrawal measures and diagnostic criteria requires replication of the time-course of change in PA and tests of whether abstinence-induced changes in PA and negative affect occur independently. Implications Though there was substantial heterogeneity among trials, our findings suggest that (1) abstinence from cigarettes decreases positive affect and (2) this decrease may represent a withdrawal effect (vs. an offset effect). However, it is unclear whether abstinence-induced losses in positive affect are independent from increased negative affect.

scholarly journals Impact of training in Autism on inclusive practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Dympna Nolan ◽  
Elizabeth Fraser Selkirk Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Inclusive Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Sector Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of training on educational staff attitudes, sentiments, concerns and efficacy in providing support for children with Autism in mainstream settings. Design/methodology/approach The investigation adopted a pre-test/post-test, quasi-experimental, within-subject research design. In total, 35 early years educators, teachers and pupil support assistants from one Scottish Local Authority (LA) undertook training delivered by the LA’s Communication and Language Outreach Service. Measures included the Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education Revised (SACIE-R) scale and the teacher efficacy for inclusive practices (TEIP) scale pre and post-training. Post-training participants completed a questionnaire employing open and closed questions to assess perceived usefulness of training, application of knowledge and effectiveness of the teaching strategies. Findings Combining data from the three sectors there was a significant change in staff efficacy for inclusive practices (z=−3.406, p=0.001, p<0.05, with a medium effect size r=0.41) although there were differences between the sectors. There was a significant change in SACIE-R total scores (z=−3.945, p=0.000, p<0.05; with a medium effect size r=0.47), sentiments (z=−2.763, p=0.006, p<0.05; with a medium effect size r=0.33) and concerns (z=−3.685, p=0.000, p<0.05; with a medium effect size of r=0.44) subscale scores for the combined sector data. There was no significant change in the attitudes subscale scores for the combined sector data (z=−1.106, p=2.69, p>0.05; with a small effect size r=0.13) although there were differences between the sectors. Research limitations/implications Limitations include: small sample size, minor differences in the training in different sectors, purposeful sampling, use of questionnaire post-training, variability of completion of SCAIE-R and TEIP post-training. Originality/value There appears to be limited research into inclusive practices for children with Autism in the UK context, which this study aims to address.

Effects of Acupressure on Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen W H Au ◽  
Hector W H Tsang ◽  
Paul P M Ling ◽  
Christie H T Leung ◽  
P K Ip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Allocation Concealment ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective To evaluate the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quantify the effects of acupressure on anxiety among adults. Methodology RCTs published between January 1997 and February 2014, comparing acupressure with sham control, were identified from the databases Science Citation Index/Social Sciences Citation Index, Scopus, PubMed and PsycINFO. Meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed and the magnitude of the overall effect size was calculated for the anxiety outcome. Revised STRICTA (the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture) criteria were used to appraise the acupressure procedures, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Results Of 39 potentially relevant studies, seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria for review while five studies met the criteria for meta-analysis. All studies reported the positive effect of acupressure on relieving anxiety from the anticipation of surgery or treatment. EX-HN3 ( Yintang), HT7 ( Shenmen) were the commonest points selected and two studies used bilateral points. The acupressure procedure was generally well reported and studies had a low risk of bias. The combined results of the five trials showed a greater overall reduction in anxiety in the acupressure group than in the sham controls (standardised mean differences (SMD)=−1.11; 95% CI −1.61 to −0.61; p<0.0001 heterogeneity: I2=75%; χ2=16.17; p=0.003; r=0.485). Conclusions Acupressure seems to be effective in providing immediate relief of pretreatment anxiety among adults, and has a medium effect size. However, conflicting results were found for the improvements on physiological indicators. More rigorous reporting, including allocation concealment procedure, is needed to strengthen the results.

When the Eye Listens: A Meta-analysis of How Audio-visual Presentation Enhances the Appreciation of Music Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Platz ◽  
Reinhard Kopiez
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Total N ◽  
Visual Component ◽  
Visual Music ◽  
Medium Effect Size

the visual component of music performance as experienced in a live concert is of central importance for the appreciation of music performance. However, up until now the influence of the visual component on the evaluation of music performance has remained unquantified in terms of effect size estimations. Based on a meta-analysis of 15 aggregated studies on audio-visual music perception (total N = 1,298), we calculated the average effect size of the visual component in music performance appreciation by subtracting ratings for the audio-only condition from those for the audio-visual condition. The outcome focus was on evaluation ratings such as liking, expressiveness, or overall quality of musical performances. For the first time, this study reveals an average medium effect size of 0.51 standard deviations — Cohen's d; 95% CI (0.42, 0.59) — for the visual component. Consequences for models of intermodal music perception and experimental planning are addressed.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of financial self-control strategies: Comparing empirical findings with online media and lay person perspectives on what helps individuals curb spending and start saving

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253938
Author(s):  
Mariya Davydenko ◽  
Marta Kolbuszewska ◽  
Johanna Peetz
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Financial Domain ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
The Media

Self-control can be assisted by using self-control strategies rather than relying solely on willpower to resist tempting situations and to make more goal-consistent decisions. To understand how self-control strategies can aid financial goals, we conducted a meta-analysis (Study 1) to aggregate the latest research on self-control strategies in the financial domain and to estimate their overall effectiveness for saving and spending outcomes. Across 29 studies and 12 different self-control strategies, strategies reduced spending and increased saving significantly with a medium effect size (d = 0.57). Proactive and reactive strategies were equally effective. We next examined whether these strategies studied in the academic literature were present in a media sample of websites (N = 104 websites with 852 strategies) and in individuals’ personal experiences (N = 939 participants who listed 830 strategies). About half the strategies identified in the meta-analysis were present in the media sample and about half were listed by lay participants as strategies they personally use. In sum, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the self-control strategies that have been studied in the empirical literature to date and of the strategies promoted in the media and used in daily life, identifying gaps between these perspectives.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Motivation on Listening Effort: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Carolan ◽  
Antje Heinrich ◽  
Kevin Munro ◽  
Rebecca Millman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Meta Analyses

Motivation influences the amount of listening effort (LE) exerted or experienced under challenging conditions, such as in high-noise environments. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to quantify the effects of motivation on LE. The review was pre-registered in PROSPERO, and performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies examined the influence of motivation or individual traits (related to motivation) on LE in adults. Motivational factors, coded as independent variables, included financial reward, evaluative threat, perceived competence, feedback and individual traits. LE outcomes were categorised as subjective, behavioural or physiological. The quality of evidence was assessed using an adaptation of the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Nested random-effects meta-analyses were performed to quantify and compare the influence of motivational factors across LE outcomes. After assessing 3532 records, 48 studies met the inclusion criteria and 43 were included in the meta-analyses. Risk of bias was high e.g. many studies lacked sample size justification. Motivational factors had a small-to-medium effect (mean Cohen’s d = 0.34, range: 0.11 – 0.72) on LE. When LE outcomes were considered collectively, an external manipulation of motivation (perceived competence) produced a larger mean effect size compared with individual traits. Some combinations of motivational factors and LE outcomes produced more robust effects than others, e.g. evaluative threat and subjective LE outcomes. Although wide prediction intervals and high risk of bias mean that significant positive effects cannot be guaranteed, these findings provide useful guidance on the selection of motivational factors and LE outcomes for future research.

Identifying high quality ideas in the online context: evidence from a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suya Hu ◽  
Di Xu
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Idea Quality ◽  
Idea Evaluation

PurposeWith the rapid development of web-based ideation platforms, firms are increasingly reaching outside their boundaries to obtain ideas, which makes idea evaluation tricky and ineffective. Numerous studies have investigated the antecedents of idea quality, but few have focused on the fragmented and contradictory conclusions these studies have drawn. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to disentangle conflicting findings regarding factors affecting idea quality.Design/methodology/approachA total of 41 independent samples from 40 articles published between 2009 and 2020 were retrieved and encoded to conduct a meta-analysis. By using Comprehensive Meta-analysis 3.0 (CMA 3.0) software, the relationship between identified influencing factors and idea quality, and the moderating effects of potential variables were investigated.FindingsFactors affecting idea quality were summarized and divided into three categories: idea-related factors, ideator-related factors and platform-related factors. The results indicated that all proposed factors (idea length, supporting evidence, past success, past submissions, past comments, votes received and comments received) had significant positive effects on idea quality. Moreover, the measurement of idea quality and idea type was the causative factor for the inconsistent findings, whereas the moderating effect of platform type was not significant.Originality/valueThis study systematically synthesized the existing research on the factors influencing idea quality and helped to reconcile the mixed results. The findings serve to enrich current knowledge of idea evaluation in the online context, which could have important implications for both scholars and practitioners.

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Activity Programs on the Improvement of Dementia Symptom: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Suk Lee ◽  
Sun Wook Park ◽  
Yoo Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
High Effect Size ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective. To confirm that physical activity program improves the symptoms of dementia and the most effective physical activity was selected to help establish exercise programs.Methods. Three databases, PubMed, Science Direct, and Willey online, were used to collect articles. The databases were published between January 2005 and December 2015. Keywords such as “dementia,” and “physical activity” were used in searching for papers. As a result, nine studies were selected in the second screening of the meta-analyses.Results. The improvement in the dementia symptom of physical capacity was 1.05 (high effect size, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.73), ability of activity of daily living was 0.73 (slightly high effect size, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.23), cognitive function was 0.46 (medium effect size, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.66), and psychological state was 0.39 (lower than the medium effect size, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.77).Conclusion. The physical activity for patients with dementia had an effect on the improvement of physical capacity and combined exercise was the most effective physical activity.

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