Control of vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines Planning, implementation, and evaluation of a fortification program ,

1979 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
FLORENTINO S. SOLON ◽  
THOMAS L. FERNANDEZ ◽  
MICHAEL C. LATHAM ◽  
BARRY M. POPKIN
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Planning Implementation

Genotype Effects on β-Carotene Conversion to Vitamin A: Implications on Reducing Vitamin A Deficiency in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110602
Author(s):  
Mark Pretzel P. Zumaraga ◽  
Jose Maria Reynaldo Apollo Arquiza ◽  
Mae Anne Concepcion ◽  
Leah Perlas ◽  
Ma. Neda Alcudia-Catalma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Genotype Frequencies

Background: The study aimed to identify two beta-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase (BCMO1) mutations, namely R267S and A379V, and determine their association with vitamin A status among Filipinos 6 to 19 years old respondents of the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey living in the National Capital Region. Materials and Methods: This study followed cross-sectional design. Whole blood specimen was collected in the morning and was used as source of genomic DNA and serum for retinol concentration determination. Fisher exact test was performed to determine whether genotype frequencies were associated to retinol concentrations/vitamin A deficiency status. A level of P < .05 was identified as significant. Results: A total of 693 Filipino children and adolescents were included. Of the 693, there were at least 7.6% who bears the combined mutations for R267S + A379V. Association analysis showed that an inverse relationship exists between the A379V TT variant and vitamin A status. Although the exact role of these identified polymorphisms on retinol/carotenoid metabolism need to be confirmed in dedicated functional studies. Conclusion: This study has identified for the first time the presence of 2 nonsynonymous genetic variants/mutations in the coding region of BCMO1 gene. Interestingly, one of these two variants, the A379V T, was found to be associated with vitamin A status. It is, therefore, warranted to investigate the role of BCMO1 variants for the success of supplementation programs and fortification efforts among vulnerable populations in this region. Genetic variability should be considered for future provitamin A supplementation recommendations among children and adolescents in the Philippines.

The National Vitamin A Supplementation Program and Subclinical Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in the Philippines

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. A. Pedro ◽  
J. R. Madriaga ◽  
C. V. C. Barba ◽  
R. C. F. Habito ◽  
A. E. Gana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Subclinical Vitamin

Effects on Vitamin A Deficiency in Children of Periodic High-Dose Supplements and of Fortified Oil Promotion in a Deficient Area of the Philippines

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Mason ◽  
Maria A. Ramirez ◽  
Chona M. Fernandez ◽  
Regina Pedro ◽  
Tina Lloren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Monthly Dosing ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
Annual Distribution ◽  
Deficient Area ◽  
Sustained Increase

Regular semi-annual distribution of high-dose (200,000 IU) vitamin A capsules (VACs) to children 1 - 5 years of age (previously identified as underweight), in Leyte Province, the Philippines, was compared to providing extra VACs to give three-monthly dosing, and to vitamin A-fortified cooking oil (VAFO) promotion (with continued VACs every 6 months). Serum retinol (SR) was measured at baseline and after 12 or 18 months (for VAFO). No sustained increase in SR was determined from the three-month VAC dosing regimen, and the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) as assessed by SR (< 20 mcg / dL) remained around 30 % (in line with national survey estimates over the previous 15 years). The major difference found was that 18 months of VAFO (of which 9 months had sustained promotion) was associated with reducing the prevalence of VAD to < 10 %. The effective fortification and lack of effect of semi-annual VAC results are in line with previous studies; testing with dosing of VAC every three months is a new intervention. The results imply that promotion of fortified oil would reduce VAD in these conditions; whether it can replace or needs to be added to semi-annual VAC dosing remains to be determined. A phased changeover to reliance on fortified commodities (including oil) with careful monitoring of VAD trends is indicated.

Vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines: a study of xerophthalmia in Cebu

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F S Solon ◽  
B M Popkin ◽  
T L Fernandez ◽  
M C Latham
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals Development and characterization of GR2E Golden rice introgression lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Mallikarjuna Swamy ◽  
Severino Marundan ◽  
Mercy Samia ◽  
Reynante L. Ordonio ◽  
Democrito B. Rebong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Golden Rice ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

AbstractGolden Rice with β-carotene in the grain helps to address the problem of vitamin A deficiency. Prior to commercialize Golden Rice, several performance and regulatory checkpoints must be achieved. We report results of marker assisted backcross breeding of the GR2E trait into three popular rice varieties followed by a series of confined field tests of event GR2E introgression lines to assess their agronomic performance and carotenoid expression. Results from confined tests in the Philippines and Bangladesh have shown that GR2E introgression lines matched the performance of the recurrent parents for agronomic and yield performance, and the key components of grain quality. Moreover, no differences were observed in terms of pest and disease reaction. The best performing lines identified in each genetic background had significant amounts of carotenoids in the milled grains. These lines can supply 30–50% of the estimated average requirements of vitamin A.

An evaluation of strategies to control vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1445-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Solon ◽  
T L Fernandez ◽  
M C Latham ◽  
B M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals Nutritional and functional properties of dried Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. fruit aril and its application in cheese spread production

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1947-1953
Author(s):  
A.F.A. Carbonera ◽  
R.R.P. Tayobong ◽  
L.I.C. Barrameda ◽  
A.M.V. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Momordica Cochinchinensis ◽  
Β Carotene

Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. is an underutilized fruit-bearing indigenous plant in the Philippines with great potential due to its reported nutritional properties. The aril portion of the fruit was used because of its high carotenoid content. The aril was dried using oven drying (60°C) and freeze drying methods to a final moisture content of 15%, and then compared in terms of its lycopene, β-carotene, and Vitamin A contents as well as antioxidant activity. To determine the potential of the dried aril as an additive to produce a fortified product, it was added at an amount of 4 g per 100 g of cheese spread then its nutritional properties were evaluated. Results showed that freeze dried aril has high βcarotene (2090.28 µg/g) and Vitamin A (3483.80 IU/g) but is not significantly different than the oven-dried aril while the oven-dried aril has significantly higher lycopene content (405.22 µg/g) than the freeze dried aril (325.84 µg/g). Furthermore, the freeze dried aril has significantly higher antioxidant activity (29.81%) than the oven-dried aril (16.27%). The addition of the dried aril to cheese spread resulted to a product with significantly higher lycopene (30.15 µg/g), β-carotene (24.93 µg/g), Vitamin A (41.55 IU/g), and Vitamin C (1.20 mg/100 g) compared to the cheese spread with no aril powder. Thus, a serving size of 1 tbsp (20 g) of the cheese spread with aril powder can provide 17% daily value for Vitamin A and has satisfied the definition of fortified food as well as the USDA standard reference for Vitamin A. This functional ingredient can therefore address concerns on Vitamin A deficiency.

Risk Factors for Vitamin A Deficiency in Rural Areas of the Philippines

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Rosen ◽  
N. L. Sloan ◽  
A. del Rosario ◽  
T. C. de la Paz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals Golden Rice, VAD, Covid and Public Health: Saving Lives and Money

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian C. Dubock ◽  
Justus Wesseler ◽  
Robert M. Russell ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
David Zilberman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Golden Rice ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Community Health Programs

On July 21, 2021, Golden Rice was registered in the Philippines allowing cultivation and consumption. Research, as an intervention to combat vitamin A deficiency (VAD), started in 1991, and proof of concept for what was to become Golden Rice, was achieved in 1999. In the 1990s, 23–34% deaths globally of children less than 5 years old were caused by VAD, and in developing countries, the percentage was even higher. By 2013, progress against the Millennium Development Goals had reduced <5-y child deaths globally from VAD to about 2% of all such deaths. The progress included significant vaccination programs against measles, and better access to clean water, as well as vitamin A supplementation, all delivered through community health programs. Economic development and education about diet reduced food insecurity. In contrast to continuing VAD deaths, the Covid-19 pandemic has attracted huge political attention, including in low- and middle-income countries. Community health programs have been adversely affected by the pandemic. There is a danger that as a result VAD rates, child and maternal mortality climbs again toward 1990’s levels. Adoption of Golden Rice provides a safe, culturally simple amelioration and is costless. Other countries should seize the opportunity. Bangladesh is first in line, possibly followed by Indonesia and India.

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