Criminal Protection of the Family in the Iraqi Legislation

The protection of the family is the basic principle for building a strong society and family protection policy is one of the most significant among the responsibilities of legislations. The current paper reviews the protection of family according to Iraqi legislation and discusses various types of crimes involving children or families according to Iraqi law. In this article doctrinal legal research was adopted and it assessed sources from both primary and secondary data. The research concludes that Iraqi legislation provides correct protection through a number of legal texts organizing the crimes against family. However, it has failed to achieve full criminal protection for the family. There are both theoretical weakness of law and the routine abuse against family in daily practice. The present paper aims to fill a critical gap in our understanding regarding deficient area in Iraqi law while dealing with the rights of members of family and proposes further work to be done so that Iraqi legislator can provide full criminal protection for family.

ENHANCEMENT OF FRESHMEN’S ADAPTATION TO HIGH SCHOOL

Aim. The article deals with studying the effect of a complex selenium-containing compound and physio disease-preventing means on the enhancement of biochemical indicators in freshmen living in a selenium-deficient area. Materials and methods. We conducted 12 longitudinal studies with the students of the first and second year studying at Chuvash Universities (n = 180). Selenium concentration in blood serum was established with the help of fluorometry performed according to Golubkina’s interpretation (Fluorat-02-2M). The activity of lipid peroxidation (c.u.) and antioxidant system (c.u.) was studied using induced chemiluminescence (Biochemiluminometer БХЛ-06). Results. The use of Selenes+ together with a disease-preventing photochrome session is accompanied by antioxidant, metabolic, and hemopoietic effects manifested in the increase of antioxidant activity and selenium concentration by 31.1 and 62.5 %, respectively, and the decrease of lipid peroxidation by 4.1–19.7 % compared to control values. The use of Selenes+ together with exercises contributes to less pronounced stress in the cardiovascular system both during the study and exam periods. Conclusion. Therefore, selenium correction of body adaptation with respect to a biogeochemical specifics of a region normalizes the balance between prooxidant and antioxidant elements of the antioxidant protection system and provides an accelerated shift from short-term to long-term adaptation.

Reference intervals of thyroid hormones in a previously iodine-deficient area in Darfur, Sudan

Background: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4) and T3 levels are varied in the different settings with disorders of thyroid homeostasis. It is recommended that every setting has to establish its own reference intervals (RIs) for these hormones. Methods: A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select a representative sample of a Sudanese adult (>20 years of age) in Nyala in western Sudan in the Darfur region during the period between January and June 2016 to establish RIs of thyroid-related hormones (TSH, T4 and T3). In this study, 1753 serum samples (male and female) with different age groups were investigated. A radioimmunoassay gamma counter was used to measure the level of these hormones. Results: The median (95% intervals) of serum TSH, T4 and T3 levels was 1.2 (0.50–3.0) mIU/l, 111.0 (72.0–161.0) nmol/l and 1.5 (0.8–2.8) nmol/l respectively. While the level of TSH was significantly higher in the age group between 31 and 40 years, both T4 and T3 levels have shown a progressive increase with age. There was no significant difference in the TSH, T4 and T3 level when the RIs were compared between males and females. Conclusion: The RIs for TSH, T4 and T3 in this setting were different from the levels provided by the manufacturers. The RIs were different in the different age groups.